A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

T YALE. i YES. 533
them with Agraulos, Herse, and Pandrosos (Schol. HYAS ("Tas). The name of the father and
ad Apollon. Rlod. i. 211), or with the IHyades. brother of the HIyades. (tIygin. Poet. Asir. ii. 21;
(Serv. ad Aen. i. 748.) [L. S.]. Ov. Fast. v. l81; Eustath. ad Ilona. p. 1155.)
HY'ADES ('Tdaes), that is, the rainy, the name The father was married to Boeotia, and was looked
of a class of nymphs, whose number, names, and upon as the ancestor of the ancient Hyantes.
descent, are described in various ways by the an- (Plin. H. N. iv. 12; comp. Miuller, Orchorn. p.
cients. Their parents were Atlas and Aethra 124.) His son, or the brother of the Hyades, was
(Ov. Fast. v. 169, &c.), Atlas and Pleione (Hygin. killed in Libya by an animal, a serpent, a boar, or
Pab. 192), or Hyas and Boeotia (Hygin. Poet. a lion. (Hygin. Fab. 192.) [L. S.]
Astr. ii. 21); and others call their father Oceanus, HY'BREAS ('Tgp`a9), of Mylasa in Caria, was,
Melisseus, Cadmilus, or Erechtheus. (Hygin. Fab. according to Strabo, the greatest orator of his time'
182; Theon. ad Arat. Phaen. 171; Serv. ad Aen. His father left him nothing but. a mule and cart,
i. 748.) Thales mentioned two, and Euripides with which he gained his living for some time by
three Hyades (Theon, 1. c.), and Eustathius (ad carrying wood. He then went to hear Diotrephes
Hoem. p. 1156) gives the names of three, viz. Am- at Antioch, and, on his return, he became an
brosia, Eudora, and Aesyle. Hyginus (Fab. 182), d'yopavlo'os in his native city. Having gained
on the other hand, mentions Idothea, Althaea, and some property in this occupation, he applied himAdraste; and Diodorus (v. 52) has Philia, Coronis, self to public speaking and public business, and
and Cleis. Other poets again knew four, and soon became the leading man in the city. There
Hesiod (ap. T/zeon. 1. c.) five, viz. Phaesyle, Co- is a celebrated saying of his, addressed to Euthyronis, Cleeia, Phaeote, and Eudora. (Comp. the demus, who was the first man in the city while he
five different names in Serv. ad Visg. Georg. i. lived, but who made a somewhat tyrannical use of
138;'Hygin. Fab. 182, 192.) But the common his influence: "Euthydemus, thou art a necessary
number of the Hyades is seven, as they appear in evil to the state, for we can neither live under thee
the constellation which bears their name, viz., Al- nor without thee." By the boldness with which
brosia, Eudora, Pedile, Coronis, Polyxo, Phyto, he expostulated with Antony, when the triumvir
and Thyene, or Dionle. (Hygin. Poet. Asir. ii. 21; was plundering Asia in the year after the battle of
Hesych. s. v.) Pherecydes, the logographer, who Philippi (B. c. 41), Hybreas rescued his native city
mentioned only six, called them the Dodonaean from the imposition of a double tax.?" If," said he
nymphs, and the nurses appointed by Zeus to bring to the triumvir, " you can take tribute twice a year,
up Dionysus. In this capacity they are also called you should be able also to make for us a summer
the Nysaean nymphs. (Apollod. iii. 4. ~ 3; Ov. twice and an autumn twice." (Plut. Anton. 24.)
Fast. v. 167, Ml]et. iii. 314; Serv. ad Aen. i. 748; When Labienus, with the Parthians under Pacorus,
Eustath. ad Hornm. p. 1155.) When Lycurgus invaded Asia Minor (B. c. 40), the only cities that
threatened the safety of Dionysus and his com- offered any serious opposition to him were Laopanions, the Hyades, with the exception of Am- dicea, under Zeno, and Mylasa, under Hybreas.
brosia, fled with the infant god to Thetis or to Hybreas, moreover, exasperated the young general
Thebes, where they entrusted him to Ino (or by a taunting message. When the city. was taken,
Juno), and Zeus showed them his gratitude for the house and property of Hybreas were destroyed
having saved his son, by placing them among the and plundered, but he himself had previously
stars. (Hygin. Poet. Astr. ii. 21.) Previous to escaped to Rhodes. He was restored to his home
their being thus honoured, they had been old, but after the expulsion of the Parthians by Ventidius.
been made young again by Medeia, at the request (Strab. xiii. p. 630, xiv. pp. 659, 660.) He is
of Dionysus. (Hygin. Fab. 182; Ov. Met. vii. quoted two, or three times by Seneca; but, with
295.) As nymphs of Dodona, they were said, in these exceptions, his works are wholly lost. (Wessome traditions, to have brought up Zeus. (Schol. termann, Gesch. d. Griech. Beredtsarnkeit, ~ 86,
aid Hom. II. xviii. 486.) The story which made n. 20,) [P. S.]
them.the daughters of Atlas relates that their num- HY'BRIAS ('rpas) of Crete, a lyric poet, the
ber was twelve or fifteen, and that at first five of author of a highly esteemed scholion which is prethem were placed among the stars as Hyades, and served by Athenlaens (xv. p. 695-6) and Eusta.
the seven (or ten) others afterwards under the thius (ad Odyss. p. 276, 47), and in the Greek
name of Pleiades, to reward them for the sisterly Anthology. (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. 159; see
love they had evinced after the death of their Jacobs's notes, and Ilgen, Schol. s. Carni. Convie.
brother Hyas, who had been killed in Libya by a Graec. p. 102.) [P. S.]
wild beast. (Hygin. Fab. 192; Ov. Fast. v. 18]; HYDARNES ('Trdapvls), one of the seven Per.
Eustath. ad Honz. p. 1155.) Their name, Hyades, sian noblemen who conspired against the Magi in
is derived by the ancients from their father, Hyas, B. C. 521. He commanded for Xerxes on the seaor from Hyes, a mystic surname of Dionysus; and coast of Asia Minor, and entertained Sperthias and
according to others, from their position in the Bulis when they were on their way to Susa. to deheavens, where they formed a figure resembling the liver themselves up to the king as a compensation
Greek letter r. The Romans, who derived it from for the Persian ambassadors slain at Sparta. (He6s, a pig, translated the name by Suculae (Cic. de rod. iii. 70, vi. 48, 133, vii. 133-135; Strab. xi.
Nat. Deor. ii. 43.); but the most natural deriva- p. 531.) Herodotus mentions another Hydarnes
tion is from iewL to rain, as the constellation of (vii. 83, 211) as the commander of the select band
the Hyades, when rising simultaneously with the of Persians called the Immortals in Xerxes' inva.
sun, announced rainy and stormy weather. (Cic. sion of Greece. It is doubtful whether the Hy.
1..; Ov. Fast. v. 165; Horat, Carm. i. 3. 14; darnes mentioned in Herod. vii. 66 is to be identified
Virg. Aen. iii. 516; Gell. xiii. 9.) [L. S.] with either of the above. [E. E.]
IIY'ALE, a nymph belonging to the train of HYDRE'LUS. [ATHYMBRUS.]
Diana. (Ov. Met. iii. 171; Virg. Georg. iv. 335, HYES ("Trs), the moist or fertilising god, ocwith the note of Servius.) [L. S.] i curs like Hyetius, as a surname of Zeus, as the
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