A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

HORTENSIUS. HORTENSIUS. 525
under which the god had a statue at Olympia. the protection of the consul Mancinus and of the
(Paus. v. 24. ~ 2; Eurip. Hijppol. 1025.) [L. S.] senate, Iortensius was so enraged that he stormed
HORCUS ("OpKos), the personification of an and pillaged the city, beheaded the chief men, and
oath, is described by Hesiod as the son of Eris, and sold the rest into slavery. The senate contented
the avenger of perjury. (Tlneog. 231, Op. 209; themselves with voting this act to be unjust, and
Herod. vi. 86. ~ 3.) [L. S.] commanding that all who had been sold should be
HORDEO'NIUS FLACCUS. [FLAcCUs.] set free. Hortensius continued his robberies, and
HORDEO'NIUS LOLLIANUS. [LoLLIA- was again reprimanded by the senate for his treatNUS.] ment of the Chalcidians; but we do not hear that
-IORME ('Opu4), the personification of energetic he was recalled or punished. (Liv. xliii. 3, 4, 7, 8.),activity, who had an altar dedicated to her at 4. Q. HORTENSIUS, found in some Fasti as conAthens. (Paus. i. 17. ~ 1.) [L. S.] sul in B. C. 108.
HORMUS, was one of Vespasian's freedmen, 5. L. HORTENSIUS, father of the orator, praetor
and commanded a detachment in Caecina's division of Sicily in B. c. 97, and remembered there for
B. c. 70. He was said to have instigated the sol- his just and upright conduct. (Cic. Verr. iii. 16.).
diers to the sack of Cremona. After the war his He married Sempronia, daughter of C. Sempr.
services were recompensed with the rank of eques. Tuditanus (Cic. ad Att. xiii. 6, 30, 32).
(Tac. Hlist. iii, 12, 28; iv. 39.) [W. B. D] 6. Q. HORTENSIUS, L. F., the orator, born in
HORTALUS. [HORTENSIUS, Nos. 8, 10.] B. C. 114, eight years before Cicero, the same year:
HORTE'NSIA. 1. Daughter of the orator that L. Crassus made his famous speech for the
Q. Hortensius. She partook of his eloquence, and Vestal Licinia (Cic. Brat. 64, 94). At the early
spoke before the triumvirs in behalf of the wealthy age of nineteen he appeared'in the forum, and his
matrons, when these were threatened with a special first speech gained the applause of the consuls, L.
tax to defray the expenses of the war against Bru- Crassus and Q. Scaevola, the former the greatest
tus and Cassius. (Val. Max., viii. 3. ~ 3; Quintil. orator, the latter the first jurist of the day. Crassus
i. 1. ~ 6; Appian, B. C. iv. 32.) also heard his second speech for Nicomedes, king of
2. A sister of the orator, wife of M. Valerius Bithynia, who had been expelled by his brother
Messala. Their son nearly became heir to the Chrestus. His client was restored (Cic. de Orat.
orator [HoRTENSIus, No. 8]. [H. G.L.] iii. 61). By these speeches Hortensius at once
HORTE'NSIA GENS, plebeian; for we have rose to eminence as an advocate. Q. Horlensius,
an Hortensius as tribunus plebis [HORTENSIUS, says Cicero, ademodum adolescentis inyenioum sinmul
No. 1], and there is no evideilce of any patrician spectatum et probationm est (Brat. 64). But his
families of this name. Cicero, indeed, gives the forensic pursuits were soon interrupted by the
epithet of nobilis to the orator (pro Quinct. 22; cf. Social War, in which he was obliged to serve two
Plut. Cat. Maj. 25; Plin. H. N. 9, 80); but this campaigns (B. C. 91, 90), in the first as a legionary,
is sufficiently accounted for by the high curule in the second as tribunus militum (Brat. 89). In
offices that had been held by several of his ances- the year 86 B. C. he defended young Cn. Pompeius,
tors. -The name seems to have been derived from who was accused of having embezzled some of the
the gardening propensities of the first person who public booty taken at Asculum in the course of
bore it; and the surname Hortalus, borne by the the war (Brat. 64). But, for the most part, the
great orator's son [Nos. 8 and 10], seems, as Dru- courts were silent during the anarchy which folmann observes, to have been a kind of nickname lowed the Marian massacres, up to the return of
of the orator himself. (Cic. Att. ii. 25, iv. Sulla, B. C. 83. But these troubles, though they
15.) [H. G. L.] checked the young orator in his career, left him
HORTE'NSIUS. 1. Q. HORTENSIUS, tribu- complete master of the courts-rex judiciorune,nus plebis, B.C. 419. He indicted C. Sempronius, as Cicero calls him (Divin. in Q. Caecil. 7). For
consul of the year before, for ill conduct of the Crassus had died before the landing of Marius;
Volscian war, but dropped his accusation at the Antonius, Catulus, and others fell victims in the
instance of four of his colleagues. (Liv. iv. 42; cf. massacres; and Cotta, who survived, yielded the
Val. Max. vi. 5. 2.) first place to his younger rival. Hortensius,
2. Q. HORTENSIUS, dictator about B. C. 286 therefore, began his brilliant professional career
(Fasti). The commons, oppressed by debt, had anew, and was carried along on the top of the
broken out into sedition, and ended by seceding to wave till he met a more powerful than himself in
the Janiculum. He was appointed dictator to Cicero. Henceforth he confined himself to civil life,
remedy the evil, and for this purpose re-enacted and was wont to boast in his old age that he liad
the Lex Horatia-Valeria (of the year 446 B. c.), never borne arms in any domestic strife (Cic. ad
and the Lex Publilia (B.C. 336), "ilt quod plebs Faon. ii. 16). He attached himself closely to
jussisset omnes Quirites teneret." (Plin. H. N. xvi. the dominant Sullane or aristocratic party, and his
~ 37; cf. Liv. Epit. xi.) On the supposed difference chief professional labours were in defending men of
of these three laws, see Niebuhr, R. H. vol. ii. p. this party, when accused of mal-adminstration and
365, vol. iii. p. 418, &c. He passed another law, extortion in their provinces, or of bribery and the
establishing the nundinae as dies fasti, and intro- like in canvassing for public honours. His conducing the trinundiauin as the necessary term be- stant success, partly due to his own eloquence,
tween promulgating and proposing a lex centu- readiness, and skill (of which we shall say someriata. (Dict. of Antiq. s. v. Nundinae.) what hereafter), was yet in great measure due to
3. L. HORTENSIUS, as praetor, B.C. 171, sue- circumstances. The judices at that time were all
ceeded C. Lucretius in the command of the fleet in taken from the senatorial order, i. e. from the.-same
the war with Perseus, and pursued a like course of party with those who were arraigned before them,
oppression with his predecessor. Of Abdera he and the presiding praetor was of the same party.
demanded 100,000 denarii and 50,000 modii of Moreover, the accusers were for the most part
wheat; and when the inhabitants sent to entreat young men, of ability indeed And ambition, but