A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

524 - HORATIUS. HORCIUTS.
the great difficulty of the third Ode, relating to tll a compiler of commentaries, some of but late date,
poet Virgil about to embark for Greece. It is said quoted as Comm. Cruquii. II. Lambini, last edit.,
by Donatus that Virgil did undertake such a voy- Paris, 1605. III. Torrentii, Antwerp, 1108.
age in the year B. C. 19, three years later than Lambinus and Torrentius are the best of the
the last date of Bentley-five than that of Franke. older editors. IV. Bentleii, Cantab. 1711. V.
Hence Grotefend and others delay the publication Gesneri et Zeunii, Lips. and Glasg. v. y. from
of the three books of Odes to that year or the fol- 1762 to 1794. VI. Carmina, Mitscherlich, Lips.
lowing; and so perplexing is the difficulty, that 1800. VII. Doering, Lips. 1803. VIII. Romae, a
Franke boldly substitutes the name of Quintilius C. Fea. Fea professed to have collated many MSS.
for that of Virgilius; others recur to the last resort in the Vatican, &c. IX. Carmina (with French
of desperate critics, and imagine another Virgi- translation), C. Vanderbourg, Paris, 1812. Vanderlius. Dr. Weber, perhaps more probably, suspects bourg collated 18 MSS. X. A J. Braunhard, Lips.
an error in Donatus. If indeed it relates to 1833, with areprint of the old Scholia. XI. Orellii,
that voyage of Virgil (yet may not Virgil have Turici, 1843. This last surpasses all former ediundertaken such a voyage before?), we absolutely tions. XII. Satiren erkllirt von L. F. Heindorf.
fix the publication of the three books of Odes to Neu-bearbeitet von E. F. Wiistemann, Leipzig,
one year, that of Virgil's voyage and death; for 1843. The GermanCommentary excellent. XIII.
after the death of Virgil Horace could not have Episteln erkliirt von F. E. Theodor Schmid. Halpublished his Ode imploring the gods to grant him berstadt, 1828.
safe return. We entertain no doubt'that, though The translations of Horace in all languages are
first published at one of these periods, the three -almost innumerable, perhaps because he is among
first books of Odes contain poems written at very the most untranslateable of poets. Where the
different times, some in the earliest years of his beauty of the poetry consists so much in the exquipoetry; and Buttman's opinion that he steadily'site felicity of expression, in the finished terseness
and laboriously polished the best of his smaller and perspicuity of the Odes, or the pure idiomatic
poems, till he had brought them to perfection, and Latin of the Satires and Epistles, the transfusion
then united them in a book, accounts at once for into other words almost inevitably loses either the
the irregular order, in point of subject, style, and meaning or the harmony of thought and language.
metre, in which they occur. In English the free imitations of Pope and of Swift
The first book of the Epistles is by Bentley as- give by far the best notion of the charm of the
signed to the 46th and 47th (45th and 46th), by Horatian poetry to an unlearned reader. Some of
Franke is placed between the 41st and 45th years Dryden's versions have his merits and faults-ease
of Horace. Bentley's chronology leaves two years and vigour, carelessness and inaccuracy. The
of the poet's life, the 44th and 45th, entirely un- translation of Francis is that in common use,
occupied. rather for want of a better than for its intrinsic
The Carmen Seculare, by almost universal con- worth. We shall name in our selection of the
sent, belongs to the 48th year of Horace, B. C. 17. most important among the numberless critical and
The fourth book of Odes, according to Bentley, aesthetical works on Horace (a complete list of Libri
belongs to the 49th and 51st; to Franke, the 48th Horatiani would occupy many columns) the best
and 52d years of the poet's life. It was pub- of the French and German translations:
lished in his 51st or 52d year. Dacier, Oeuvres d'Horace. Masson, Horatii
The dates of the second book of Epistles, and of Vita, Lug. Bat. 8vo. 1708. Casaubon, de Satira,
theArsPoetica, are admitted to be uncertain, though I Rambach, Halae, 1774. Ernesti, Onomasticon
both appeared before the poet's death, ann. aet. 57. Poetarusz imprimis Q. Horatii Flacci. Horaz a!s
There are several ancient Lives of Horace: the Mensch und Biirger von Rom, R. von Ommerai
first and only one of importance is attributed to iibersetzt von Walch. Lips. 1802. Lessing, RetSuetonius; but if by that author, considerably in- tungen des Horaz. Werke, vol. iv. Berlin, 1838.
terpolated. The second is to be found in the edi- Ilorazens Satiren, iibersetzt von C. M. Wieland,
tion of Horace by Bond. The third from a MS. Leipsig, 1815; Briefe, 1837. To these clever
in the Vatican library, was published by M. Van- translations are appended dissertations and notes
derbourg, and prefixed to his French translation of full of very ingenious criticism, on the characters
the Odes. A fourth from a Berlin MS. edited by and on the works of Horace. Wieland is well
Kirchner, Quaestiones Horatianae. These, how- corrected by F. Jacobs in his Lectiones Venusinae
ever, are later than the Commentators, Acron and in his Vermischte Schriften. Les Odes d'Horace,
Porphyrion. par C. Vanderbourg. See above. M. VanderThe Editio Princeps of Horace is in 4to, without bourg's translation is hard and stiff, not equal in
name or date. Maittaire (with whom other biblio- ease and fluency to the translation by Count Daru.
graphers agree) supposes it to have been printed by On the Topography, see Capmartin de Chaupy,
Zarotus at Milan, 1470. Fea describes an edition and other works, quoted above.
which contests the priority by T. P. Lignamini, On the Chronology, Buttmann. See above.
but this is doubtful. II. Folio, without name or Baron Walckenaer, Kirchner, Franke, Grotefend,
date, of equal rarity. III. 4to. (the first with Weber, Passow, Vit. Hor.; Vanderbourg, Odes
date 1474) Milan, apud Zarotum. IV. Ferrara, d'Horace; Weichert, Poet. Lat. Reliq. et de Lucio
1474, Odae et Epistolae. V. Neapol. 1474. VI. Vario et Cassio Parmensi; Heindorf. ad Sat. &c.;
Milan, 1476, P. de Lavagna. VII. Fol. without T. Dyer, in Classical Museum, No. 5. Compare
date, but it appeared 1481, with the Scholia of Fynes Clinton, Fasti Hellenici.
Acron and Porphyrion. VIII. Florence, 1482,with On the Metres of Horace-Tate, tloratius Restithe Commentary of Landino. Of the countless turtus; Hermann, de Metris, iii. c. 16. [H. H. M.]
later editions we select the following as the most HO'RCIUS ("OpKIes), the god who watches
important:-I. Cruquii, last edit. Lug. Bat: 1603. over oaths, or is invoked in oaths, and punishes
It contains the Scholia of a commentator, or rather their violation, occurs chiefly as a surname of Zeus,