A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

518 HORATIA. - HORATIS.
erroneously call him, Horus), there is still extant a (Plut. Num. 53 Dionys. ii. 46, v. 12), the fetid
work on hieroglyphics, entitled'tlpar4AAcwvos NEi- may have been national as well as political. In the
AU, oJO'EPO7YAvpIKc. The work purports to be a Greek division of the Roman people (populus and plebs)
translation, made by one Philippus from the Egyp- by Servius Tullius into Agrarian tribes, one of the
tian. It consists of two books, and contains a tribes was the Horatia. Monuments of the Hoseries of explanations of hieroglyphics, and is of ratia gens were the "sacer campus Horatiorum"
great importance to those who study hieroglyphics, (Mart. Epigr'. iii. 47); the " Horatii Pila," or
for it refers to the very forms which are still seen trophy of the victory over the Alban brethren
on Egyptian monuments, which show that the work (Dionys. iii. 21; Liv. i. 26; Schol. Bob. in Cic.
was writtenlby a person who knew the monuments Milonian. p. 277, Orelli); the tomb of Horatia,
well, and had studied them with care. The second built near the Porta Capena of squared stone (Liv.
book is inferior to the first, and is probably dis- i. 26); the graves of the two Horatii near Alba,
figured by later interpolations. Whether the whole extant in the 6th century of Rome (Liv. 1. c.; Nieis the production of the grammarian who lived buhr, R. H. vol. i. note 870); and the " Sororium
under Theodosius, or of some other person of the Tigillum," or Sister's Gibbet. (Fest. s. v. Soror.
name, cannot be decided; but that the writer was a Tigill.; Dionys. iii. 22; Liv. 1. c.) The Horatia
native of Egypt can scarcely be doubted, from the Gens had the surnames BARBATUS, COCLES, PULnatureof the work. As for the time at which it was VILLUS. A few members of the gens are menwritten, it seems probable that he lived about the tioned without a cognomen. [W. B. D.]
beginning of the fifth century. Who the Greek HORA'TIUS, 1. P. (Liv. i. 26; Zonar. vii. 6),
translator Philippus was, is quite uncertain; some M. (Dionys. iii. 28-32; Cic. pro AlNil. 3), was the
even believe that he was a Greek of the fifteenth father of the three brethren who fought at Alba.
century, and that the interpolations in the second He pronounced his daughter justly slain, and his
book must be ascribed to him; but there appears verdict tended much to his son's acquittal. (Dionys.
to be no good reason for placing him at so late a Liv. 11. cc.)
period. The work was first printed in the collection 2. P., son of the preceding, and survivor of
of Greek fabulists, by Aldus, Venice, 1505, fol.; se- the three brethren who fought with the three
parate editions are those of Paris (1521, 8vo., withr Curiatii for the supremacy of Rome over Alba.
a Lat. translation by Trebatius), of J. Mercer When his two brothers had fallen, Horatius was
(Paris, 1548, 4to., 1551, 8vo.), D. Hbischel (Augs- still unhurt, and by a pretended flight vanquished
burg, 1595, 4to.), de Pauw (Utrecht, 1727, 4to., his three wounded opponents, by encountering them
contains the notes of the previous editors); but the severally. Horatius returned in triumph, bearing
best critical edition, with an extensive commentary, his threefold spoils. As he approached the Capene
is that of Conr. Leemnans (Amsterdam, 1835, 8vo.), gate his sister [HORATIA] met him, and recognised
who has accompanied his edition with valuable on his shoulders the mantle of one of the Curiatii,
prolegomena. (Comp. Lenormant, Recherchzes sur her betrothed lover. Her importunate grief drew
l'Orizine, 4c., et l'Utiliit acluelle des Iierogly- on her the wrath of Horatius, who stabbed her,
phiques d'Horapollon, Paris, 1838, 8vo.; Goulianoff, exclaiming " so perish every Roman woman who
Essais sur les Hieroglyyph. d'Horapollon, Paris, bewails a foe." For this murder he was adjudged
1827, 4to.; A. S. Corey, Thze Hieroglyphics of by the duumviri to be scourged with covered head,
ltorapollo, London, 1840, 8vo.; Bunsen, Aegyptens and hanged on the hapless tree. Horatius appealed
Stelle in der Weltgescli. vol. i. p. 402, &c.) [L. S.] to his peers, the burghers or populus; and his
H-IORA'TIA, was the daughter of P. Horatius, father pronounced him guiltless, or he would have
and sister of the three Horatii who fought with the punished him by the paternal power. The populus
Curiatii of Alba. Horatia was betrothed to a acquitted Horatius, but prescribed a form of punishCuriatius, and when she saw her surviving brother ment. With veiled head, led by his father, Horatius
returning in triumph, and bearing the bloody passed under a yoke or gibbet-tigillum sororiunz.
mantle of her loverl she burst forth into wailing (Fest. s. v. Soreor. Tigillum, p. 297, ed. Miiller.)
and reproaches. Her brother, in his wrath at her In memory of the crime and its expiation, the yoke
untimely grief, stabbed Horatia to the heart, and was repaired from age to age, altars were raised to
her father denied her sepulture in the burying-place Juno Sororia and to Janus, and sacrifices were enof the Horatii. (Dionys. iii. 21; Liv. i. 26; Plut. tailed on the Horatian family. In the war which
Parall. Gr. et Rome. 16; Flor. i. 3; Schol. Bob. shortly followed the combat of the three brethren,
in Cie. Milonian. p. 277, Orelli.) [W. B. D.] Horatius was entrusted by the king, Tullus HostiHORA'TIA GENS, was an ancient patrician lits, with the destruction of Alba. (Dionys. iii.
family at Rome (Lydus, de Mensur. iv. 1), belong- 13-22, 31; Liv. i. 24-26; Val. Max. vi. 3.
ing to the third tribe, the Luceres, and one of the ~ 6; Flor. i. 3; Cic. pro All. 3; SQhol. Bob. in
lesser houses. (Dionys. v. 23.) It traced its origin Miilon. p. 277, ed. Orelli; Id. de Invent. ii. 20; Victo the hero Horatus, to whom an oak wood was torin. Cic. de Invent. i. 30; Plut. Parall. Min. ]6;
dedicated (Id. v. 14); and from its affinity with Aurel. Vict. de Vir. Ill. 4; Zonar. vii. 6.)
the Curiatii of Alba, seems to have been of Latin [W. B. D.]
race.- Some writers indeed described the Horatii Q. HORA'TIUS FLACCUS, was born on the
as Albans, and as the champions of Alba in the 8th of December (vi. idus Decemb.), in the year
combat with the Curiatii. (Liv. i. 24.) But the B. C. 65, A. U. 689, during the consulship of L.
story of the triple combat generally assigned the Aurelius Cotta and L. Manlius Torquatus. The
Horatii to Rome. (Liv. 1. c.; Dionys. iii. 12; poet is'his own biographer. The place of his birth,
Plut. Parall. Gr. et Roein. 16; Flor. i. 3; Aurel. the station and occupation of his father, the prinVict. de Vir. Ill. 4; Zonar. vii. 6.) There are cipal events and the general character of his life,
some indications of rivalry between the Valeria rest upon his own authority. His birthplace was
gens and the Horatia (Dionys. v. 35; Liv. ii. 8); on the doubtful confines of Lucania and Apulia,
and since the Valerii were of Sabellian extraction in the territory of the military colony Venusra.