A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

40 EPIPHANIUS. EPIPHANIUS.
9. Called erroneously THE PATRIARCH, author Commentary of Didymus on the Canonical Epistles
of some works on the schism of the Eastern and is said [DIDYMUS, NO. 4] to be that given in the
Western churches. See above, No. 5. Bibliotheca Patrum; but that on the Proverbs has
10. Of PETRA, son of Ulpianus, was a sophist not, we believe, been printed; the versions of
or rhetorician of considerable reputation. He Epiphanius, Josephus, and Clement of Alexandria,
taught rhetoric at Petra and at Athens. He lived have been printed. That of Epiphanius on Solomon's
also at Laodiceia in Syria, where he was very inti- Song was first published -by Foggini, at Rome, in
mate with the two Apollinarii, father and son, of 1750, with a preface and notes. (Cassiodorus,
whom the latter afterwards became the founder of Praef. in Histor. Tr'ipart., De Institutione Divinar.
the sect of the Apollinaristae. The Apollinarii were Literar. cc. 5, 8, 11, 17, with the notes of Gareexcommunicated by the bishop of Laodiceia on ac- tius; Sixtus Senensis, Bibliotheca Sancta, lib. iv.;
count of their intimacy with Epiphanius, who, it was Fabric. Biblioth. MVed. et Inf. Latinitatis, vol. ii.
feared would convert them to the religion of the p. 101, ed. Mansi, Biblioth. Graec. vol. vii. p. 425,
Greeks;from which it appears that Epiphanius was a vol. viii. p. 257, vol. xii. p. 299; Cave, Ceillier,
heathen. While he was at Athens, Libanius, then a and Foggini, 11. cc.)
young man, came thither, but did not apply for Beside the foregoing, there are many persons of
instruction to Epiphanius, then in the height of the name of Epiphanius of whom little or nothing
his reputation, though they were both from Syria; is known but their names. The ecclesiastics of the
neither is this Epiphanius the person to whom name, who appear in the records of the ancient
Libanius vrote. (Libanius, E2ist. 831.) Epipha- councils, may be traced by the Index in Labbe's
nius did not live to be very old; and both he and Concilia, vol. xvi. [J. C. M.]
his wife, who was eminent for her beauty, died of EPIPHA'NIUS ('E7rdiviros), bishop of CONthe same disease, an affection of the blood. He STANTIA and metropolitan of Cyprus, was born at
wrote many works, which are enumerated by Sui- Bezanduca, a small town in Palestine, in the
das. They are as follows: 1. iepl tcoivwovias district of Eleutheropolis, in the first part of
ical Laqpopas a' o'Vadaoewv. 2. fIpoyuvavdracava. the fourth century..(Sozomen. vi. 32.) His pa3. MeATrae. 4. Al1uapXoL. 5. IIoXetuapXiac`s. rents were Jews. He went to Egypt when
6. A1yot'EmrEIiCTKIo[: and, 7. Miscellanies. young, and there appears to have been tainted
Socrates mentions a hymn to Bacchus, recited by with Gnostic errors, but afterwards fell into the
him, attendance on which recitation was the imme- hands of some monks, aind. by them was made a
diate occasion of the excommunication of the Apol- strong advocate for the monastic life, and strongly
linarii. (Socrates, Hist.Ecl. ii. 46; Sozomen, imbued with their own narrow spirit. He reHist. Eccl. v. 25; Eunapius, Sophist. Vitae (Epi- turned to Palestine, and lived there for some
phanius and Libanizs); Eudocia,'Icwv'a, in the time as a monk, having founded a monastery near
Anecdota Graeca of Villoison, vol. i.; Suidas, s. v. his native place. In A.D. 367 he was chosen'EmrLcpdvios; the passages in Suidas and Eudocia bishop of Constantia, the metropolis of the Isle of
are the same.). Cyprus, formerly called Salamis. His writings
11. Described as SCHOLASTICUS. Sixtus of shew him to have been a man of great reading;
Sena calls him a Greek, but Ceillier (Auteurs Sacres, for he was acquainted with Hebrew, Syriac,
vol. xvi.) and Cave (Hist. Lit. vol. i.. p. 405) call Egyptian, Greek, and Latin, and was therefore
him an Italian. He lived about the beginning of called revTd'-yyAowros. But he was entirely withthe sixth century. He was the friend of Cassiodorus out critical or logical power, of real piety, but also
[CASSIODORUS], at whose request he translated of a very bigoted and dogmatical turn of mind,
from Greek into Latin the Commentary of Didymus unable to distinguish the essential from the nonon the Proverbs and on Seven of the Canonical essential in doctrinal differences, and always ready
Epistles [DIDYMus, No. 4.], the Exposition of to suppose that some dangerous heresy lurked in
Solomon's Song, said by Cassiodorus to be by Epi- any statement of: belief which varied a little from
phanius of Constantia or Salamis. Garetius thinks the ordinary form of expression. It was natural
this exposition was probably written by Philo of that to such a man Origen, whom he could not
Carpasus or Carpathus; but Foggini vindicates the understand, should appear a dangerous teacher of
title of Epiphanius to the authorship. Whether error; and accordingly in his work on heresies he
Epiphanius Scholasticus was concerned in the thinks it necessary to give an essential warning
translation of. the Jewish Antiquities of Josephus, against him. A report that Origen's opinions
and of the Notes on some of the Catholic Epistles, were spreading in Palestine, and, sanctioned even
from the writings of Clement of Alexandria, which by John, bishop of Jerusalem, excited EpiphaCassiodorus procured to be made, can only be con- nius to such a pitch, that he left Cyprus to invesjectured, as, Cassiodorus does-not name the trans- tigate the matter on the spot. At Jerusalem he
lators. Sixtus of Sena ascribes to Epiphanius preached so violent a sermon against any abettors
Scholasticus a Catena (or compilation of com- of Origen's errors, and made such evident allusions
ments) on the Psalms, from the Greek Fathers; to the bishop, that John. sent his Archdeacon to
but we know not on what authority. But his beg him to stop. Afterwards, when John preached
principal work was translating and combining into against anthropomorphism (of a tendency to which
one the Ecclesiastical Histories of Sozomen, Socrates, Epiphanius had been suspected) he was followed
and Theodoret. The Historia Tripartita of Cassio- up to the pulpit by his undaunted antagonist, who
dorus was digested from this combined version. announced that he agreed in John's censure of
He also translated, by desire of Cassiodorus, the Anthropomorphites, but that it was equally necesCodex Encyclius, a collection of letters, chiefly sary to condemn Origenists. Having excited sufsynodal, in defence of the council of Chalcedon, ficient commotion at Jerusalem, Epiphanius rewhich collection has been reprinted in the Concilia paired to Bethlehem, where he was all-powerful
of Binius, Labbe, Coletus, and Harduin, but most with the monks; and there he was so successful
correctly by the last two. The version of the in his denunciation of heresy, that he persuaded