A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

490 HIPPOLYTUS. HIPPOLYTUS.
the island of Cos. (Thessali Orat. ad Aram, in. about his time, being drowned in a ditch or pit full
Hippocr. Opera, vol. iii. p. 840.) [W. A. G.] of water. That his learning was great, and his
HIPPO'LYTE ('Iwr~roAuV'T).. 1. A daughter writings numerous, we have the testimony of Euof Ares and Otrera, was queen of the Amazons, sebius and Jerome, the earliest writers who speak
and a sister of Antiope and Melanippe. She wore, of him. They both speak of him as a bishop,
as an emblem of her dignity, a girdle given to her but without naming his see (for the passage in the
by her father; and when Heracles, by the com- Chronica of Eusebius, in which he is called irhfKromand of Eurystheus, came to fetch this girdle, Hip- nros f'pTov,roTo Karca'PN;'tiv, is evidently corrupt),
polyte was slain by Heracles. (HERACLES; Hygin. and Jerome expressly asserts that he could not
Fab. 30.) According to another tradition, Hippo- ascertain it. His episcopal dignity, in the common
lyte, with an army of Amazons, marched into understanding of the word e7rlfconros, is disputed
Attica, to take vengeance on Theseus for having by C. A. Heumann, who contends that he was
carried off Antiope; but being conquered by The- " praefectus " of the port of Ostia; but we are not
seus, she fled to Megara, where she died of grief, aware that this opinion has found any supporters.
and was buried. Her tomb, which was shown (Heumann, Primitiae Gotting. No. xvii. p. 239.)
there in later times, had the form of an Amazon's As Eusebius thrice mentions Hippolytus, in imshield. (Paus. i. 41. ~ 7; Plut. Tlzes. 27; Apollod. mediate connection with Beryllus, bishop of Bostra
ii. 5. ~ 9; Apollon. Rhod. ii. 968.) In some ac- in Arabia, it is contended by Le Moyne, Assecounts Hippolyte is said to have been married to mani (Bibl. Orient. vol. iii. p. i. c. vii. p. 15), and
Theseus instead of Antiope. Euripides, in his others, that Hippolytus was also an Arabian bishop,
Hippolytus, makes her the mother of Hippolytus. and Le Moyne contends that he was a native of
2. The wife of'Acastus, according to Pindar that country. In the treatise De Duabus Naturis,
(AT(Nem. iv. 57, v. 26); but Apollodorus calls her generally regarded as a work of pope Gelasius I.
Astydameia. [AcAsTus.] [L. S.] [GELASIUS, No. 3], he is called " Arabiae MetroHIPPO'LYTUS ('I7r7rdAros). 1. One' of the polita," but this, so far as his metropolitan rank is
giants who was killed by Hermes. (Apollod. i. 6. concerned, is an error, the probable origin of which
~ 2.) is pointed out by Basnage. The ignorance of
2. A son of Theseus by Hippolyte or Antiope. Jerome as to his see, and the mistake of Gelasius
(Schol. ad A ristoph. Ran. 873; Tzetz. ad Lycoph.'as to his dignity, render it very unlikely that he
449, 1329, 1332; Eurip. Hippol.) After the was bishop of any place in the immediate neighdeath of the Amazon, Theseus married Phaedra, bourhood of Rome, still less of Rome itself, as Lewho fell desperately in love with Hippolytus; but ontius of Byzantium, and Anastasius Sinaita, appear
as the passion was not responded to by the step- to have held. The fact of his works being in the
son, she brought accusations against him before Greek language increases the improbability of his
Theseus, as if he had made improper proposals to being an Italian bishop, or of his belonging at all
her. Theseus thereupon cursed his son, and re- to the west of Europe; though the instances of
quested his father (Aegeus or Poseidon) to destroy Clement of Rome and Irenaeus prevent this arguhim. (Cic. de Nat. Deor. iii. 31, de Off. i. 10; ment from beingquiteconclusive. That he was an
Serv. ad Aen. vi. 445, vii. 761.) Once therefore, Arabian, at least an Eastern-bishop, is most likely;
when Hippolytus was riding in his chariot along but the opinion of Le Moyne and others, that he
the sea-coast, Poseidon sent a bull forth from the was bishop of the city in the territory of Adana,
water. The horses were frightened, upset the which was the great emporium of the Roman trade
chariot, and dragged Hippolytus till le was dead. (Philostorg. H. E. iii. 4), and was therefore called
Theseus afterwards learned the innocence of his Portus Romanus, is very questionable. Its only
son, and Phaedra, in despair, made away with her- support is the subsequent currency of the belief
self.'Asclepius restored Hippolytus to life again, that Hippolytus was bishop of the Portus Romaand, according to Italian traditions, Artemis placed nus, near Rome; but this belief is more likely to
him, under the name of Virbius, under the protec- have gained ground from the mouth of the Tiber,
tion of the nymph Egeria, in the grove of Aricia, or its vicinity, being the scene of Hippolytus's
in Latium, where he was honoured with divine martyrdom.
worship. (Hygin. Fab. 47, 49; Apollod. iii. 10. The time in which he lived is determined by
~ 3; Ov. Met. xv. 490, &c., Fast. iii. 265, vi. 737; Eusebius, who places him in the early part of the
Horat. Carm. iv. 7. 25; comp. VIRBIUS.) There third century; and whose statement leads us to
was a monument of his at Athens, in front of the reject the account of Palladius (Hist. Laesiac. c.
temple of Themis. (Paus. i. 22. ~ 1.) At Troe- 148, apud Bibl. Patr. vol. xiii. p. 104, ed. Paris,
zene, where a tomb of Hippolytus was shown, 1654) and Cyril of Scythopolis (Vita S. Euthymii
there was a different tradition about him. (Paus. apud Cotelerius, Eccl. Graec. Monuin.vol. iv. p. 82)
i. 22. ~ 2; comp. Eurip. Hippolytus.) that he was acquainted with the apostles. Photius
There are two other mythical personages of this makes him a disciple of Irenaeus, which may be
name. (Apollod. ii. 1. ~ 5; Diod. iv. 31.) [L. S.] true; the same may be said of the statement of
HIPPO'LYTUS (('I7r7rAvros). 1. An early Baronius, who " had read somewhere" that he was
ecclesiastical writer of considerable eminence, but a disciple of Clement of Alexandria; a statement
whose real history is so uncertain, that almost repeated by some moderns (Semler, Hist. LEccles.
every leading point of it is much disputed. He Selecta Capita, vol. i. p. 73), but supported by no
appears to have lived early in the third century; other appeal to ancient authority than the very inand the statement commonly received for a long distinct one of Baronius. Photius says that Hiptime was, that he was bishop of Portus Romanus polytus was an intimate friend and admirer of
(the harbour of Rome), at the mouth of the Tiber Origen, whom he induced to become a comment(for which the Pasehal C/hronicle is one of the ear- ator on the Scriptures, and for whose use he mainliest authorities, if not the earliest), and that he tained at his own cost seven amanuenses or clerks,
suffered martyrdom under Alexander Severus, or to write from his dictation, raX6vypapot, and as