A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

48i2 HIPPOC(RATES. HIPPOCRATES.
the most celebrated medical writer of ancient or Suidas, Thymbraeus of Cos, of the family of the
modern times, whose fame has probably been partly Asclepiadae, had two sons named Hippocrates,
caused by the writings and actions of all the phy- each of whom wrote some medical works. Their
sicians of the same name having been attributed to date is unknown. (Suid. s. v.'Ir7roispci7ls.)
one individual, instead of several. This hypothesis 7. HIPPOCRATES VII., son of Praxianax of Cos,
is incapable of being proved to be correct; but it who belonged to the family of the Asclepiadae, and
may be safely asserted, that it is quite impossible wrote some medical works. His date is unknown.
that all the stories told of Hippocrates (even if they (Suid. Ibid.)
are to be believed at all) can relate to the same in- 8. HIPPOCRATES, a Greek writer on veterinary
dividual, and also that one man should have surgery, who is supposed to have lived about the
written all the works that now form part of the middle of the fourth century after Christ. His
Hippocratic collection. More will be said on this remains are to be found in the collection of writers
subject in the article on HIPPOCRATES II., but on this subject, first published in Latin by Ruelfirst it will be advisable to notice briefly the other lius, Paris, 1530, fol., and afterwards in Greekphysicians of this name, and as several of them by Grynaeus, Basel, 1537, 4to. They are also
belonged to the family of the Asclepiadae, the fol- added to the editions of Hippocrates published by
lowing genealogical table will enable the reader to Vander Linden, Lugd. Bat. 1665, 8vo., and that
understand more clearly their relationship:- of Naples, 1757, 4to. They have been also pubNebrus. lished in a separate form, in Greek, Latin, and
Italian, Rom. 1814, 8vo.; edited by P. A. ValenGnosldicus. Chrysus. tini. (See Choulant, Handb. der Biicherkunde fiu
die Aeltere Medicin.) [W. A. G.]
Hippocrates I. Podaleirius Aeneius. Elaphus. HIPPO'CRATES, the second of that name,
Phaenarete=Heracleides. Cadmus. Hippolochus. and in some respects the most celebrated physician
tI I I of ancient or modern times; for not only have his
Sosander. HzPPOCRATES II. = Uxor. writings (or rather those which bear his name) been
Io I yb u always held in the highest esteem, but his personal
Thessalus. Filia= Polybus. Dracon I. history (so far as it is known), and the literary
I I _ I I criticism relating to his works, furnish so much
Gorgias. Hippocrates lI1. Dracon II. Hippocrates IV. (?) matter for the consideration both of the scholar, the
Hippocrates IV. (?) philologist, the philosopher, and the man of letters,
Dracon III. that there are few authors of antiquity about whom
so much has been written. Probably the readers of
HIPPOCRATES I., the fifteenth in descent from this work will care more for the literary than for the
Aesculapius, the eldest son of Gnosidicus, the snedical questions connected withHippocrates; and
brother of Podaleirius II. and Aeneius, and the accordingly (as it is quite impossible to discuss the
father of Heracleides. He lived probably in the whole subject fully in these pages) the strictly
sixth and fifth centuries B. c. Some ancient critics scientific portion of this article occupies less space
attributed to him the two works De Fracturis, and than the critical; and this arrangement in this
De Articulis, while others contended that he wrote place the writer is inclined to adopt the more
nothing at all. (Jo. Tzetzes, Chil. vii. Hist. 155., readily, because, while there are many works
in Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xii. p. 680; Poeti which contain a good account of the scientific'
Epist. ad Artax., in Hippocr. Opera, vol. iii. p. merits of the Hippocratic writings, he is not aware
770; Suid. s. v.'I7r7reocpQ'TVs; Galen, Comnment. in of one where the many literary problems arising
Hippocr. "De Rat. Vict. in Morb. Acut." i. 17, from them have been at once fully discussed and
vol. xv. p. 456, Comment. in Hippocr. "De satisfactorily determined. This task he is far from
Fract." i. 1, vol. xviii. pt. ii. p. 324.) thinking that he has himself accomplished, but it is
2. HIPPOCRATES II. See below. right to give this reason for treating the scientific
3. HIPPOCRATES III., the nineteenth of the part of the subject much less fuilly than he would
family of the Asclepiadae, who lived probably in have done had he been writing for a professed
the fourth century B. C. He was the son of Thes- medical work.
salus, and the brother of Gorgias and Dracon II., A parallel has more than once been drawn beand is said by Suidas to have written some medical tween " the Father of Medicine " and " the Father
works. (Jo. Tzetzes, Suidas, I. cc.; Galen, Cornom- of Poetry " and, indeed, the resemblances between
ment. in Hippoer. "De Humor." i. 1; vol. xvi. the two, both in their personal and literary history,
p. 5.) are so evident, that they could hardly fail to strike
4. HIPPOCRATES IV. was, according to Galen any one who was even moderately familiar with
(Comment. in Hippocr. "De Humor." i. 1, vol. classical and medical literature. With respect to
xvi. p. 5), the son of Dracon I., and the grandson their personal history, the greatest uncertainty
of the. celebrated Hippocrates: he lived in the exists, and our real knowledge is next to nothing;
fourth century B.C., and is said to have written although in the case of both personages, we have
some medical works. Suidas (s. v.'ITr7rorKPod7s, professed lives written by ancient authors, which,
and ApdiKcv), who, however, seems to have fallen however, only tend to show still more plainly the
into some confusion [DRACON], makes him the son ignorance that prevails on the subject. Accordingly,
of Dracon: II. (and therefore the great grandson of as might be expected, fable has been busy in -supthe celebrated Hippocrates), the father of Dracon plying the deficiencies of history, and was for a
III. He is said to have been one of the physicians time fully believed-; till at- length a re-action folto Roxana, the wife of Alexander the Great, and lowed, and an unreasoning credulity was succeeded
to have died in the reign of Cassander, the son of by an equally unreasonable scepticism, which
Antipater. reached its climax when it was boldly asserted
5, 6. HIPPOCRATES V. and VI. According to -that neither Homer nor Hippocrates had ever ex