A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

HIPPOCRATES. HIPPOCRATES. 48
though defe.sed by Marcellus at Acrae, effected a was to seize and fortify Delium, a spot sacred to
junction with Himilco at Agrigentum, and we find Apollo near the frontiers of Attica. Some mistake
him united with that general in the subsequent unfortunately took place in their arrangements, and
operations in the interior of Sicily. [HIMILCO, No. Demosthenes had been already repulsed from be9.] Marcellus having at length made himself fore Siphae when his colleague entered Boeotia.
master of the greater part of Syracuse, while Hippocrates, however, occupied Delium without
Achradina and the island of Ortygia still held out, opposition, and having fortified it and established a
a final attempt was made by Hippocrates and Hi- garrison there, was returning with his main army
milco, with their combined forces, to raise the to Athens, when the Boeotian forces arrived. A
siege, but their attacks on the Roman lines were pitched battle ensued, at a spot between Delium,unsuccessful, and having encamped in the marshy and Oropus, just within the confines of Attica, in
ground on the banks of the Anapus, a pestilence which the Athenians were completely defeated.
broke out among their troops, to which Hippocrates, Hippocrates himself fell in the battle, together
as well as Himilco, fell a victim. (Liv. xxiv. 35- with near a thousand of his troops;. and the loss
39, xxv. 26.) [E. H. B.] on the Athenian side would have been far greater
HIPPO'CRATES ('Iir7roKpdr77s), historical. 1. had not the slaughter been interrupted by the
A citizen of Sybaris, father of Smindyrides, who coming on of the night. The Boeotians at first
was one of the suitors of Agariste, the daughter refused to give up the bodies of Hippocrates and
of Cleisthenesvrant of Sicyon. (Herod. vi. 127.) the others' who had fallen in the battle until the
2. An Athenian, son of Megacles, and brother Athenians should evacuate Delium; but having
of Cleisthenes, the legislator. He left two children, reduced that post, after a siege of seventeen days,
a son named Megacles, and a daughter, Agariste, they at length restored the dead bodies to their
who became the mother of the illustrious Pericles. countrymen. (Thuc. iv. 76, 77, 89-101; Diod.
(Herod. vi. 131.) xii. 69, 70: Paus. iii. 6. ~ I, ix. 6. ~ 3.)
3. Father of Peisistratus, the tyrant of Athens. 6. A Lacedaemonian, first mentioned as being
The future elevation of his son, but at the same sent with Epicles to Euboea, to bring away Hegetime the evils which he was destined to bring upon sandridas and his fleet from thence, after the defeat
his country, were foretold to him by. a prodigy of Mindarus at Cynossema, B. c. 411. (Thuc. viii.
which occurred to him when sacrificing at the 107.) He returned with Hegesandridas to the
Olympic games. Chilon, the Lacedaemonian, who Hellespont, where he acted as second in command
was present, advised him in consequence not to (7'rL'roAsJs) to Mindarus during the subsequent
marry, but he did not think fit to follow this coun- operations. [MINDARUS]. After the decisive
sel. He claimed to be descended from the Homeric defeat at Cyzicus (B.C. 410), Hippocrates, on
chief, Nestor. (Herod. i. 59, v. 65.) whom the chief command now devolved by the
4. An Athenian, son of Xanthippus and brother death of Mindarus, wrote to Sparta the wull-known
of Pericles. He had three sons who, as well as and characteristic dispatch, " Our good fortune is
their father, -are repeatedly alluded to by Aris- at an end; Mindarus is gone; the men are hungry;
tophanes, as men of a mean capacity and devoid of what to do we know not." (Xen. hIell. i. 1. ~ 23.)
education. (Aristoph. Nub. 1001, Thesm. 273, and After the arrival of Cratesippidas to take the comSchol. ad loca.) mand at the Hellespont, Hippocrates appears to
5. An Athenian, son of Ariphron, was general, have been appointed governor or harmost of Chaltogether with Demosthenes, in the eighth year of cedon; and when that city was attacked, in the
the Peloponnesian war (B. c. - 424), when the spring of 408, by Alcibiades and Thrasyllus, he led
democratic party at Megara, becoming apprehensive out his troops to encounter the Athenians, but was
of the recal of the exiles, and of a revolution in defeated, and himself fell in the conflict. (Id. i. 3.
consequence, made overtures to the Athenians to ~~ 5, 6; Diod. xiii. 66; Plut. Alcib. 30.) [E. H.B.]
betray the city into their hands. Demosthenes and HIPPO'CRATES ('I7r7roKpdmqs), literary. 1. Of
Hippocrates immediately marched, with a select Chios, a Pythagorean philosopher, who lived about
body of troops, to take advantage of this oppor- B. c. 460. He is mentioned chiefly as a mathetunity, and, with the assistance of their partisans, matician, and is said to have been the first who
made themselves masters of the long walls which reduced geometry to a regular system. He seems
connected Megara with its port of Nisaea, but to have been also engaged in researches respecting
were unable to effect an entrance into the city the square of a circle; but we have no means of
itself. Thus foiled in part of their enterprise, they judging of his merits as a mathematician, and
turned their arms against Nisaea, in which there Aristotle (Ethic. ad Eudem. viii. 14) states that in
was a Peloponnesian garrison, but this was speedily every other respect he was a man not above mecompelled, by want of provisions, to capitulate, and diocrity. (Comp. Aristot. Sophist. Elench. i. 10;
the Athenians became masters of this important Plut. Solon, 2; Proclus in Euclid. ii. p. 19; Faport. Brasidas soon after arrived with a consider- bric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i. p. 848, &c.)
able army, and by his influence secured the predo- 2. One of the executors of the will of the philominance of the Lacedaemonian party at Megara; sopher Straton of' Lampsacus. (Diog. Lairt. v. 62.)
but he was unable to effect anything against Nisaea, He was probably a'philosopher, but is otherwise
and after haviug in vain offered battle to the altogether unknown.
Athenian generals, he withdrew again to Corinth. 3. Is mentioned in several modern works as a
(Thuc. iv.. 66-74; Diod. xii. 66, 67.) Soon after comic poet on the authority of Pollux (Onorn. ix.
this, a scheme was arranged by Demosthenes and 57; comp. iv. 173);-but it is now certain that the
Hippocrates, in concert with a party in some of the reading in Pollux is corrupt, and that the name
Boeotian cities, for the invasion of Boeotia on three ZWooKpdT7?S must be substituted for it. (See Meidifferent points at once. In pursuance of this neke, Hist. Crit. Corn. Graec. p. 498, &c.) [L. S.]
plan Demosthenes attacked by sea. the port of HIPPO'CRATES ('I1r7roicprsTs), the name of
Siphae on the Corinthian gulf, while Hippocrates several physicians, including in the number perlhaps
VOL. II. I