A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

480 HIPPOCOO1N. HIPPOCRATES.
n. c. 122-121 it was destroyed by the praetor, slew Hippocoon and his sons. (Pauls. iii. I ~ 4,
L.:qpimius (Rhet. ad Herenn. iv. 9; Vell. ii. 6; 14. ~ 6, &c., 15..~ 2, &c.; Apollod. ii. 7. ~ 3, iii.
Val. Max. ii. 8); and in the age of Augustus it 10. ~ 4; Diod. iv. 33.) The number and names
was little more than an open village (Strab. 1. c.; of Hippocoon's sons are different in the different:
Plin. H. N. iii. 5). But Cicero's letter (I.c.) writers: Apollodorus mentions twelve, Diodorus.
shows that it retained its demesne-land and its full ten, and Pausanias only. six. Ovid (Met. viii. 314)
complement of local magistrates. [W. B. D.] mentions the sons of Hippocoon among the CalyHIPPO'BOTUS ('Ir7r6o0Tos), a writer very donian hunters.
frequently quoted by Diogenes Laeirtius. He There are four other mythical'personages of the
wrote a work on the different philosophic schools name of'Hippocoon. (Hygin. Fab. 10, 173; Hom.
(fnlpl Aip'o-ewv, which is perhaps the same work II. x. 518; Virg. Aen. v. 492, &c.) [L. S.]
as the c4,odJxowv'Ava'ypacpf mentioned by Diog. HIPPO'CRATES ('Ir7roKpdaT7s), (Sicilians).
Lairt. i. 42), embracing not only an exposition of 1. Tyrant of Gela, was the son of Pantares, and
their systems, but likewise biographical notices of succeeded his brother Cleander, who had ruled
the different philosophers. The passages where he over Gela as tyrant during seven years, B. c. 498.
is quoted will be found in Vossius, De Iist. Graec. Hence he found his power already firmly established.
p. 455, ed. Westermann.. [C. P. M.] at Gela, and soon extended it by numerous wars
HIPPOCAMPE and HIPPOCAMPUS ('I1r- against the other cities of Sicily, in which he was
roKadcz7r; and'I7rrWKaju7ros), the mythical sea-horse, almost uniformly successful. Callipolis, Naxos,
which, according to the description of Pausanias and Leontini, besides several smaller places, succes(ii. 1), was a horse4 but the part of its body down sively fell under his yoke. Being called in by the.
from the breast was that of a sea monster or fish. people of Zancle to assist them against the Samians,
The horse appears even in the Homeric poems as who had made themselves masters of their city
the symbol of Poseidon, whose chariot was drawn by treachery, he suddenly turned against his allies,
over the surface of the sea by swift horses. The threw their king Scythes into chains, and reduced.
later poets and artists conceived and represented the mass of the people into slavery, while he gave.
the horses of Poseidon and other marine divinities up three hundred of the principal citizens to the
as a combination of a horse and a fish. (Hom. II. mercy of the Samians, whom he allowed to retain.
xiii. 24, 29; Eurip. Androm. 1012; Virg. Georg. possession of Zancle, in consideration of receiving
iv. 389; Philostr. Imag. i. 8; Stat. Theb. ii. 45; half the booty they had found there. He also
comp. Welcker in the Class. Mutseum, vol. ii. p. made war upon the Syracusans, whom he defeated
394.) in a great battle at the river Helorus, and appears
HIPPOCENTAURUS. [CENTAURUS.] even to have threatened Syracuse itself, as we hear
HIPPOCLEDES ('Ir7rolcAs1rs), an Athe- of his encamping by the well-known temple of the.
nian, son of Tisaltder, came to the court of CLEIS- Olympian Zeus, in the immediate neighbourhood of
THENES of Sicyon as one of. the suitors. of his that city. But the intervention of the Corinthians
daughter AGARISTA. He was descended from the and Corcyreans induced him to consent to the conCypselidae of Corinth (comp. Herod. vi. 35), and clusion of a treaty of peace, by which the Syracuwas distinguished for wealth and beauty of person. sans, in exchange for the numerous prisoners he
Cleisthenes was disposed to prefer him to the other had taken at the Helorus, ceded to him the terrisuitors, and he would probably have won the lady, tory of Camarina, and he immediately proceeded to
had he not disgusted Cleisthenes on the day ap- rebuild that city, which had been lately destroyed
pointed for the decision by indecent dancing and by the Syracusans. His last expedition was one
tumblers' tricks. To his host's remark, " You have against the Sicels, in the midst of which he died,
danced away your marriage," he returned an an- while engaged in the siege of Hybla (B. c. 491),
swer by which he did not redeem his character as a after a reign of seven years. He left two sons,
gentleman, " Hippocleides does not care." (Herod. Cleander and Eucleides, who, however, did not sucvi. 127-129; Ath. xiv. p. 628, c, d.) [E. E.] ceed him in the sovereignty, being supplanted by
HIPPOCLES ('I7rroKcAs), son of Menippus Gelon. (Herod. vi. 23, vii. 154, 155; Thuc. vi. 5;
took post off Leucas, with-27 Athenian galleys, in Diod. Ecx. Vales. p. 558; Schol. in Pind. 01. v.
the year following the Sicilian defeat, B. c. 412, to 19, Arem. ix. 95; Polyaen. v. 6.)
watch for the return of the squadron of Gylippus. 2. A cousin of Theron, tyrant of Agrigentum,
He had but partial success. The sixteen Pelopon- who, together with his brother Capys, attempted to
nesian ships escaped with one exception, though all overthrow the power of their kinsman; but the
in a shattered state, to Corinth. (Thuc. viii. scheme proved unsuccessful, and they were defeated.
13.) [A. H. C.] by Theron at the river Himera, after which they
HIPPOCLUS (VI7rroKios), tyrantofLampsacus, established themselves at the small town of Cato whose son, Aeantides, Hippias gave his daughter micus. (Schol. in Pind.'01. ii. 173, Pyth. vi. 4.)
Archedice in marriage, induced thereto, says Thu- 3. Brother of Epicydes [EPICYDES, No. 1.].
cydides, by consideration of his influence at the The proceedings of the two brothers are related
Persian court. (Thuc. vi. 59.) He is clearly the under the article EPICYDES, up to the time when
same who is named as tyrant of Lampsacus in the they held the joint command at Syracuse, and
list of those, who were left at the passage of the defended that city against Marcellus. When the
Danube during the Scythian expedition of Dareius. Roman general, having failed in all his attacks upon
(Herod. iv. 138.) [A. H. C.] the city, found himself compelled to turn the siege,
HIPPO'COON ('I7r7roKo'cv), the eldest, but into a blockade, it was agreed that while Epicydes
natural son of Oebalus and Bateia, and a step- continued to hold the command within the walls,
brother of Tyndareus, Icarius and Arene, at Sparta. Hippocrates should co-operate in other parts of
After his father's death, Hippocoon expelled his Sicily with Himilco, who had just landed at Herabrother Tyndareus, in order to secure the kingdom clea with a large force. He accordingly succeeded
to himself; but Heracles led Tyndareus back,. and in breaking his way through the Roman lines, and,