A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

HITLARIUS. 1IILARIUS. 471
2. m Commentarius (s. Tractatus) in Evangeliunm over by the temptations of wealth and honours, and
Matthaei, written before his exile, in A. D. 356, because he wished to confine the creed strictly to
and divided into twenty-three canones or sections. the words of Scripture, excluding apostolical traThe preface, which is quoted by Cassianus (De dition and the authority of the hierarchy. The
Incarn. vii. 24), is wanting. This is the most extravagant violence of the first requires no comancient of the extant expositions of the first evan- ment; the second is remarkable, since it proves
gelist by any of the Latin fathers, and is repeat- that some of the fundamental doctrines of the
edly quoted by Jerome and Augustin. From the Romish Church, as opposed to the Protestant, had
resemblance which it bears in tone and spirit to already been called in question. (See Milman's
the exegetical writings of Origen, it may very pro- History Qf Christianity, book iii. c. 5.)
bably have been derived from some of his works. 7. Contra Arianos vel Auxentium Mediolanen3. De Synodis s.- De Fide Orientalium s. De semm Liber unus; otherwise, Epistola ad Catholicos
Synodis Graeciae, or more fully, De Synodis Fidei et Auxentiumn, written in A. D. 365, to which is
Catholicae contra Arianos et praevaricatores-Arianis subjoined a letter addressed by Auxentius to the
acquiescentes, or simply, Epistola, being in reality emperors Valentinianus and Valens. The subject
a. letter, written in A. D. 358, while in exile, ad- of these will be sufficiently understood from the
dressed to his episcopal brethren in Gaul, Germany, circumstances recorded in the life of HIilarius.
Holland, and Britain, explaining the real views of 8. Comnszentarii (s. Tractatus, s. Ezpositiones) in
the Oriental prelates on the Trinitarian controversy, Psalmos, composed towards the very close of his
and pointing out that many of them, although life. Not so much verbal annotations as general
differing in words, agreed in substance with the reflections upon the force and spirit of the different
orthodox churches of the West. In the Benedictine psalms, and upon the lessons which we ought to
edition, we find added for the first time a defence draw from them, mingled with many mystical and
of this piece, in reply to objections which had allegorical speculations, after the fashion of Origen.
been urged against it by a certain Lucifer, probably It is not improbable that these were originally
him of Cagliari. short discourses or homilies, delivered from the
4. De Trinitate Libri XII. s. Contra Arianos s. pulpit, and afterwards digested and arranged. They
De Fide, besides a number of other titles, differ- may have extended to the whole book of Psalms,
ing slightly from each other. This, the most im- but the collection, as it now exists, embraces
portant and elaborate of the productions of Hilarius, seventy-nine only.
was composed, or at least finished, in A. D. 360. 9. Fracgmenta Hilarii, first published in 1598
It contains a complete exposition of the doctrine of by Nicolaus Faber from the library of P. Pithou,
Trinity, a comprehensive examination of the evi- containing passages from a lost work upon -the
dences upon which it rests, and a full refutation of synods of Seleuceia and Ariminum, and from other
all the grand arguments of the heretics, being the pieces connected with the history of the divisions
first great controversial work produced upon this by which the church was at that time distracted.
subject in the Latin church. Jerome informs us The following are of doubtful authenticity:that it was divided into twelve books, in order that 1. Epistola ad Abram Filiarn suam, dissuading
the number might correspond with the twelve her from becoming the bride of any one save
books of Quintilian, whose style the author pro- Christ. 2. Hymnus Matutinus, addressed also to
posed as his model. When Cassiodorus (Institt. his daughter Abra.
Div. 16) speaks of thirteen books, he includes the Works now lost, but mentioned by Jerome,
tract De Synodis, mentioned above. Augustin, or other ancient authorities:-1. Libellus
5. Ad Constantium Augustumn Liber secunds, ad Sallustium Galliarumn Praefectum contra Diospresented in person to the emperor about A. D. curunm nedicumn. Probably an apology for Chris360, in which the petitioner sets forth that he had tianity. 2. Commentarius (s. Tractatus) in Jobum,
been driven into banishment by the -calumnies of freely translated from the Greek of Origen. 3.
his enemies, implores the sovereign to lend a Liber adversus Valentemn et iJrsatiurm, portions of
favourable ear to his cause, and takes occasion to which are to be found in the Franmenta noticed
vindicate the truth of the principles which he above. 4. Hyannorum Liber. 5. Mysteriorum
maintained. Liber. 6. Many Epistolae. 7. He was said to
6. Contra Constantium Aupgstum Liber. Pro- have been the author of a Comrnmentarius in Cantica
bably composed, and perhaps privately circulated, Canticorum, but Jerome was unable to discover it,
while the prince was still alive, but certainly not and equally dubious is the EZpositio Epistolae ad
published until after his death,-a supposition by Timotheum, quoted in the Acts of the Council of
which we shall be able to reconcile the words of Seville.
the piece itself (c. 2) with the positive assertion of The Carmen in Genesim; Libri de Pats-is et
Jerome (de Viris nl. 100). Indeed, it is scarcely Filii Unitate; Liber de Essentia Patris et Filii;
credible that any zealot, however bold, would have Confessio de Trinitate; Epistola, s. Libellus et
ventured openly to assail any absolute monarch, Se&-mo de Dedicatione Ecclesiae, are all erroneously
however mild, with such a mass of coarse abuse, ascribed to this father.
differing, moreover, so remarkably from the subdued Hilarius was gifted with a powerful intellect,
tone of his former addresses to the same personage, and displayed undaunted courage and perseverance
who is here pronounced to be Antichrist, a rebel in upholding the faith; but his zeal bordered so
against God, a tyrant whose sole object was to closely upon fanaticism, that he must frequently
make a gift to the Devil of that world for which have injured the cause which he advocated with
Christ had suffered. We are particularly struck unseemly violence. He can scarcely be esteemed
with two points in this attack. Unmeasured abuse a man of learning, for he was ignorant of Hebrew,
is poured forth against Constantius because he and but imperfectly acquainted with Greek: his
refrained from inflicting tortures and martyrdom expositions of Scripture, when original, are by no
upon his adversaries, seeking rather to win them means profound, when borrowed are not selected
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