A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

HIERON. HIERONYMUS. 457
ship of enormous size, far exceeding all previously city with many splendid buildings, and left a proconstructed, which, when completed, he sent laden perty of 2000 talents at his death to be applied to
with corn as a present to Ptolemy king of Egypt. A public purposes. (Strab. xii. p. 578.)
detailed account of this wonderful vessel has been 3. One of the thirty tyrants established at
preserved to us by Athenaeus (v. 40-44). But Athens, B. C. 404. (Xen. Hell. ii. 3. ~ 2.)
while he secured to his subjects the blessings of 4. One of the chief satraps or governors among
peace, Hieron did not neglect to prepare for war, the Parthians, though, from his name, evidently.
and not only kept up a large and well-appointed of Greek origin, at the time when Tiridates, supfleet, but employed his friend and kinsman Archi- ported by Tiberius -and the Roman influence, inmedes in the construction of powerful engines both vaded Parthia, A. D. 36. After wavering for some
for attack and defence, which afterwards played so time between the two rivals, Hieron declared in
important a part in the siege of Syracuse by Mar- favour of Artabanus, and was mainly instrumental
cellus. (Liv. xxiv. 34; Plut. Marc. 14.) The in re-establishing him upon the throne. (Tac. Ann.
power and magnificence of Hieron were celebrated vi. 42, 43.) [E. H. B.]
by Theocritus in his sixteenth Idyll, but the poet's HIERON ('IpE'aP), a Greek writer on veterinary
panegyric adds hardly any thing to our historical surgery, whose date is unknown, but who may
knowledge. have lived in the fourth or fifth century after
Hieron had only one son, Gelon, who died shortly Christ. Some fragments, which are all that rebefore his father; but he left two daughters, De- mains of his works, are to be found in the collection
marata and Heraclea, who were married respec- of writers on veterinary surgery, first published in
tively to Andranodorus and Zoippus, two of the Latin by Joannes Ruellius, Paris, 1530, fol., and
principal citizens of Syracuse. He was succeeded in Greek by Simon Grynaeus, Basel, 1537, 4to.
by his grandson, Hieronymus. [W. A. G.]
Numerous coins are extant, which bear the name HIERON, modeller. [TLEPOLEMUS.]
of Hieron, and some of these have been referred by HIERO'NYMUS ('IepWcYvxuos), historical. 1. Of
the earlier numismatists to the elder Hieron; but Elis, a lochagus in the army of the Ten Thousand
it is quite certain, from the style of work of the Greeks, who is mentioned by Xenophon as taking a
coins themselves, and the characters of the inscrip- prominent part in the discussion that ensued after the
tion, that they must all have been struck in the death of Clearchus and the other generals, as well
reign of Hieron II. Eckhel (vol. i. pp. 251-257)- as on other occasions during the retreat and subseand Visconti.(Iconographie Grecque, vol. ii. p. 16) quent operations. (Xen. Anab. iii. 1. ~ 34, vi. 2.
are, however, of opinion that the head upon them, ~ 10, vii. 1. ~ 32, 4. ~ 18.)
which bears the diadem, is that of the elder Hieron, 2. An Arcadian, who is reproached by Demoand that we cannot suppose Hieron II. to have sthenes with having betrayed the interests of his
adopted the diadem on his coins when he never country to Philip, by whom he had allowed himself
wore it in public. *There does not seem much to be corrupted. (Dem. de Cor. p. 324, de Fals.
weight in this objection, and it is probable, on the Ley. p. 344, ed. Reiske.) An elaborate argument
whole, that the portrait which we find on these in defence of the policy adopted by him, and those
coins is that of Hieron II. himself. [E. H. B.] who acted with him on this occasion, will be
found in Polybius (xvii. 14). [E. H. B.]
~a- IHIERO'NYMUS ('Iepacvvuos), of Cardia, an
historian who is frequently cited as one of the
chief authorities for the history of the times immediately following the death of Alexander. He
had himself taken an active part in the events of
that period. Whether he had accompanied his
fellow-citizen Eumenes during the campaigns of
Alexander we have no distinct testimony, but
after the death of that prince, we find him not only
attached to the service of his countryman, but
already enjoying a high place in his confidence. It
IL// ByX 9? seems probable also from the terms in which he is
alluded to as describing the magnificent bier or'funeral car of Alexander, that his admiration was that
of an eye-witness, and that he was present at
Babylon at the time of its construction. (Athen.
v. p. 206; comp. Diod. xviii. 26.) The first
express mention of him occurs in B. C. 320, when
COINS OF HIERON I. he was sent by Eumenes, at that time shut up in
the castle of Nora, at the head of the deputation
HIERON ('I4pwv). 1. A pilot or navigator of which he despatched to Antipater. But before he
Soli in Cilicia, was sent out by Alexander with a could return to Eumenes, the death of the regent
triaconter to explore the southern shores of the produced a complete change in the relative position
Erythraean sea, and circumnavigate Arabia. He of parties, and Antigonus, now desirous to conadvanced much further than any previous navigator ciliate Eumenes, charged Hieronymus to be the
had done, but at length returned, apparently dis- bearer of friendly offers and protestations to his
couraged by the unexpected extent of the Arabian friend and countryman. (Diod. xviii. 42, 50;
coast, and reported on his return that Arabia was Plut. Eum. 12.) But though Hieronymus was so
nearly as large as India. (Arr. Anab. vii. 20.) far gained over by Antigonus as to undertake this
2. A citizen of Laodiceia in Phrygia, distin- embassy, yet in the struggle that ensued he adguished for his wealth. He adorned his native hered steadily to the cause of Eumenes, and accom