A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

HIEMPSAL. HIERAX. 451
quarters in different towns in the neighboulllood of There is no doubt that the Hiempsal here meant
Cirta; but Hiempsal having imprudently esta- is the present one; nor does there seem any
blished himself at Thirmida, in a house belonging reason to suppose, with Heeren (Ideen. vol. iv.
to a dependent of Jugurtha, the latter took advan- p. 21), that Sallust meant to designate him only
tage of this circumstance to introduce a body of as the proprietor, not the author, of the work in
armed men into the house during the night, who question. [E. H. B.]
put to death the unhappy prince, together with HI'ERA ('Ipa), the wife of Telephus, who in
many of his followers. (Sall. Jug. 5, 9, 11, 12; the Trojan war commanded the Mysian women on
Died. Exc. Vales. xxxv. p. 605; Flor. iii. 2.) Such horseback. Late traditions described her as exis Sallust's narrative. Livy, on the contrary, ap- celling in beauty Helena herself. She fell by the
pears, so far as we can judge from the words of his hand of Nireus. (Philostr. Her. ii. 18.) [L. S.]
Epitomist, to represent the death of Hiempsal as HI'ERAS, a Galatian, who was ambassador for
the result of open hostilities. (Liv. Fpit. lxii.) king Deiotarus at Rome, when Cicero defended that
Orosius, who probably followed Livy, says only prince in B. c. 45 (Cic. pro Deiot. 15. ~ 41, 42).
Iliempsalem occidit (v. 15). With the devotion of an Oriental, Hieras offered
2. King of Numidia, and father of Juba, the himself to the torture in proof of his master's innoadversary of Caesar. (Caes. B. C. ii. 25; Suet. cence. (Schol. Gronov. ad Deiot. p. 424; Orelli.)
Caes. 71.) It appears from an inscription pre- Hieras was at Rome in the following year also, B.c.
served by Reinesius and Spon, that he was a 44. (Cic. ad Att. 16. 3.) [W. B. D.]
grandson of Masinissa, and son of Gulussa.* (See HI'ERAX ('Iepa5), the name of two mythical
Wess. ad Diod. vol. ii. p. 607.) If this account personages, respecting whom nothing of interest is
be correct, he was already a man of advanced age, related. (Apoil. ii. 1. ~ 3; Ant. Lib. 3.) [L. S.]
when we find him mentioned as affording shelter HI'ERAX ('Iepat). 1. A musician of the
to the young Marius and Cethegus, after the tri- Mythic period, before the Trojan war. He is said
umph of the party of Sulla at Rome, B. C. 88. At to have invented the Hieracian measure, Yo'os
what time he obtained the sovereignty, or over FepdKLos, and to have been the friend and disciple
what part of Numidia his rule extended, we have of Olympus the musician. He died young. (Polno information, none of the Roman historians lux, iv. 10; Fabr. Bibl. Gr. vol. i. pp. 136 and
lhaviig mentioned the arrangements adopted in re- 726.)
gard to Numidia after the Jugurthine war. But 2. A writer, from whose work lIepl uKcalo-,vls
though Hiernpss received at his court the refugees a quotation is made in the'Iovld ( Violetum) of Arof the Marian party as already stated, he was far senius, of Monembasia, first published by Walz,
from determined to espous their cause, and sought 8vo. Stuttgard, 1832.
to detain them in a kind of hotourable captivity, There is a citation from Hierax, perhaps the
while he awaited the issue of events. They, how- same as that contained in the works of Arsenius,
ever, made their escape, and joined- Bae elder among the'yviuat subjoined to the edition of CalMarius. (Plut. Mar. 40; Appian, B. C. i. A6d) In limachus, printed by Frobenius and Episcopius, at
consequence, probably, of his conduct on this occa- Basel, 4to. 1532. (Bandini, Catal. Codd. Med.
sion, he was afterwards expelled from the throne of Lassev vol. i. p. 549.)
Numidia by Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus, the leader 3. A Christian teacher, charged with heresy by
of the Marian party in Africa, and Hiarbas esta- Epiphanius and Augustin, and classed by Photius
blished in his stead; but when, in B. c. 81, Pompey and Peter of Sicily with the Manichaeans. Tillelanded in Africa, and overthrew Domitius, he drove mont and Cave agree in placing him at the end of
out Hiarbas in his turn, and reinstated Hiempsal the third or beginning of the fourth century, and
on the throne. (Plut. Pomp. 12; Appian, B. C. their judgment is confirmed by the manner in which
i. 80.) He appears to have remained in undis- Epiphanius, writing about A. D. 375, refers to his
puted possession of the kingdom from this period death. Epiphanius writes the name'Ieapczasr, John
till his death, the date of which is not mentioned, of Damascus calls him Hierax ('Iipa4); in Augustin
but it may be inferred from the incidental notice in and the work entitled Praedestinalus it is written
Suetonius (Caes. 71) that he was still alive as late Hieraca. According to Epiphanius and John of
as B. c. 62. Cicero also refers to him in an oration Damascus, he was of Leontus (v T7r ASeovT6) or
delivered the preceding year (Adv. Rullum, Or. ii. Leontopolis, in Egypt, and was eminent for his
22) in terms that evidently imply that he was then attainments in every kind of knowledge cultivated
still on the throne. The peculiar privileges there by the Egyptians and the Greeks, especially in
adverted to, as possessed by the lands of Hiempsal medicine: but he was perhaps only slightly, if at
in Africa, were probably conceded to him by Pom- all, acquainted with astronomy and magic. He
pey. Many of the Gaetulian tribes were at the was thoroughly versed in the Old and New Testasame time subjected to his authority. (Hirt. B. ments, and wrote expositions of them. The excelAfr. 56.) Sallust also cites (Jug. 17), as an au- lence of his life, and his power of persuasion,
thority forsome of his statements concerning the enabled him to spread his peculiar views very
early historyof Africa, certain books written in the widely among the Egyptian ascetics. His abstiPunic language —qei regis Hiempsalis dicebantur. nence was remarkable, but not beyond what his
constitution could bear, for he is said to have lived
* It seems, however, that there is considerable to more than ninety years, and was distinguished
doubt as to the true reading of the inscription in to the day of his death by the undiminished clearquestion: according to the version given by Belley ness of his sight, and by his beautiful writing.
(Mgm. de l'Acad. des Znscr. vol. xxxviii. p. 104.) His obnoxious opinions were a denial of the resurand Eckhel (vol. iv. p. 158), it would make Hiemp- rection of the body, and of a heaven perceptible by
sal a son of Gauda, and, consequently, great-grand- the senses; the repudiation of marriage, for he beson of Masinissa, which is certainly upon chronolo- lieved that none of those who married could inherit
gical grounds more probable. the kingdom of heaven; the rejection from the
GG 2