A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

450 HICETAS HIEMPSAL.
ensued, he succeeded in establishing himself (at mand of the army with which the latter was bewhat precise time we know not) in the possession sieging Aetna, directed his arms against Syracuse.
of Leontini, which became, after the return of the Hereupon Hicetas was sent against him by the
younger Dionysius, a rallying point for all the dis- Syracusans, with a considerable army: but after
affected Syracusans. But while Hicetas was the war had continued for some time, without any
secretly aiming at the expulsion of Dionysius, for decisive result, Maenon, by calling in the aid of
the purpose of establishing himself in his place, the the Carthaginians, obtained the superiority, and the
fears of a Carthaginian invasion, and the desire to Syracusans were compelled to conclude an ignomirestore tranquillity to the island, led the Sicilians nious peace. Soon after ensued the revolution
(the Syracusan exiles among the rest) to send all which led to the expulsion of the Campanian merembassy imploring assistance from Corinth. Hi- cenaries, afterwards known as the Mamertines:
cetas ostensibly joined in the request; but as this and it must have been shortly after this that
was entirely opposed to his schemes, he at the IHicetas established himself in the supreme power,
same time entered into secret negotiations with the as we are told by Diodorus that he ruled nine
Carthaginians. Meanwhile, he had assembled a years. The only events of his government that are
considerable force, with which he attacked Syra- recorded are a war with Phintias, tyrant of Agricuse; and having defeated Dionysius in a decisive gentum, in which he obtained a considerable vicaction, made himself master of the whole city, ex- tory, and one with the Carthaginians, by whom he
cept the island citadel, in which he kept the tyrant was defeated at the river Terias. He was at length
closely besieged. (Plut. Tinzol. 1, 2, 7, 9, 11; expelled from Syracuse by Thynion, an event
Diod. xvi. 65, 67, 68.) This was the state of which took place not long before the arrival of
things when Timoleon, having eluded the vigilance Pyrrhus in Sicily, and must therefore be referred
of the Carthaginians, landed in Sicily (B. c. 344). either to 279 or 278 B. C., either of which dates is
Hicetas, learning that that general was advancing consistent enough with the period of nine years
to occupy Adranum, hastened thither to anticipate allotted to his reign by Diodorus. (Diod. Exc.
him, but was defeated with heavy loss; and shortly lHoesch. xxi. 12, 13, xxii. 2, 6.)
afterwards Dionysius surrendered the citadel into There are extant gold coins struck at Syracuse
the hands of the Corinthian leader. Hicetas, find- bearing the name of Hicetas: from the inscription
ing that he had now to cope with a new enemy, on these EIII IKETA, it is clear that he never
and having failed in an attempt to rid himself of assumed the title of king, like his contemporary
Timoleon by assassination, determined to have re- Phintias, at Agrigentum. [E. H. B.]
course openly to the assistance of Carthage, and
introduced Mago, at the head of a numerous fleet
and army, into the port and city itself of Syracuse.
Their joint operations were, however, unsuccessful;
while they were engaged in an attempt upon Catana, Neon, the commander of the Corinthian garrison, recovered Achradina; and shortly afterwards
Mago, alarmed at the disaffection among his mercenaries, and apprehensive of treachery, suddenly
withdrew, with all his forces, and returned to HI'CETAS ('Imcas), one of the earlier PythaCarthage. (Plut. Timol. 12, 13, 16-20; Diod. goreans, and a native of Syracuse. Cicero, on
xvi. 68-70, who, however, erroneously places the the authority of Theophrastus (Acad. Quaest. ii.
departure of Mago before the surrender of Diony- 39), tells us that he conceived the heavenly bodies
sius.) Hicetas was now unable to prevent Timb- to be stationary, while the earth was the only
leon from making himself whollymaster of Syracuse; moving body in the universe, revolving round an
and the latter, as soon as he had settled affairs axis with great swiftness. Diogenes Laertius also
there, turned his arms against Leontini; and would (viii. 85) says that some ascribed this doctrine to
probably have succeeded in expelling Hicetas from him, while others attributed it to Philolaus. (Fathence also, had not the Carthaginian invasion for bric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i. p. 847.) [C. P. M.]
a time required all his attention. But after his HIDRIEUS. [IDRIEVrS.]
great victory at the Crimissus (B. C. 339), he soon HIEMPSAL ('IldoPars, Plut.;'Idtia/juos, Diod.;
resumed his project of freeing Sicily altogether'Ifseu4das, Appian). The name is probably a corfrom the tyrants. Hicetas had concluded a league ruption of Hicemsbal. (Gesenius,Ling. P/oeen. Mon.
with Mamercus, ruler-of Catana, and they were p. 198.) 1. A son of Micipsa, king of Numidia,
supported by a body of Carthaginian auxiliaries and grandson of Masinissa. Micipsa, on his deathsent them by Gisco; but though they at first gained bed, left his two sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal,
some partial successes, Hicetas was totally defeated together with his nephew, Jugurtha, joint heirs of
by Timoleon at the river Damurias, and soon after his kingdom. But the unprincipled ambition of
fell into the hands of the enemy, by whom he was Jugurtha, and the jealousy of him long entertained
put to death, together with his son Eupolemus. by the other two, rendered it certain that this
His wife and daughters were carried to Syracuse, arrangement could not be of long duration; and at
where they were barbarously executed, by order of the very first meeting of the three princes their
the people, in vengeance for the fate of Arete and animosity displayed itself in the most flagrant
Aristomache. (Plut. Timol. 21, 24, 30-33; Diod. manner. Hiempsal especially, as the younger of
xvi. 72, 73, 81, 82.) the two brothers, and of the most impetuous
2. Tyrant of Syracuse, during the interval be- character, allowed his feelings to break forth, and
tween the reign of Agathocles and that of Pyrrhus. gave mortal offence to Jugurtha. After this interAfter the death of Agathocles (B. c. 289), his sup- view, it being agreed to divide the kingdom of
posed assassin, Maenon, put to death Archagathus, Numidia, as well as the treasures of the late king,
the grandson of the tyrant; and assuming the com- between the three princes, they took up their