A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

HERSILIA.-'HESIODUS. 439
she following were the most celebrated: Andreas, (Sat. i. 6), and one of the accounts in Plutarch
Apollonius Mus, Aristoxenus, Baccheius, Callia- (I. c.), of Hostus Hostilius, or Hostus, grandfather
nax, Callimachus, Demetrius, Dioscorides Phacas, of Tullus Hostilius, fourth king of Rome. Those
(Gaius or Caius (Cael. Aurel. De Morb. Acut. iii. who made Hersilia wife of Romulus, gave her a son
14), Heracleides, Mantias, Speusippus, Zeno, and Aollius or Avillius, and a daughter Prima (ZenoZeuxis, several of whom wrote accounts of the sect dotus of Troezene, ap. Plut. Romul. 14); those
and its opinions. who assigned her to Hostus, called her son Hostus
A further account of Herophilus may be found Hostilius. [HOSTILIUS HOSTUS.] Hersilia was
in Haller's Biblioth. Anatom., and Biblioth. Medic. the only married woman carried off by the Romans
Pract.; Le Clerc's and Sprengel's Histories of in the rape of the Sabine maidens, and that unMedicine; Dr. Marx's dissertation mentioned above, wittingly, or because she voluntarily followed the
and a review of it (by the writer of the present fortunes of Prima her daughter. In all versions of
article) in the British and Foreign Medical Review, her story, Hersilia acts as mediator-in Livy (I. c.)
vol. xv., from which two last works the preceding with Romulus, for the people of Antemnae-in
account has been abridged. [W. A. G.] Dionysius and Plutarch (ib. 19), between the
IIERO'PHILUS, a veterinary surgeon at Rome Romans and Sabines, in the war arising from the
in the first century B. C., is said by Valerius Maxi- rape of the women. Her name is probably a later
mus (ix. 15. 1) to have passed himself off as the and a Greek addition to the original story of Rograndson of C. Marius, and thus to have raised him- mulus. As Romulus after death became Quirinus,
self to some degree of consequence. [W. A. G.] so those writers who made Hersilia his wife raised
HERO'STRATUS ('HporTpaTos), a merchant her to the dignity of a goddess, Hora or Horta, in
of:Naucratis in Egypt, who, in one of his voyages, either case, probably, with reference to boundaries
bought at Paphos a little image of Aphrodite. (01. of time ("npa) or space (bopos). (Gell. xiii. 22;
23, B. c. 688-685.) On his return to Naucratis Ennius, Ann. i.; Nonius, s. v. Hora; Augustin. de
a storm ensued, which was stilled by the goddess, Civ. Dei. iv. 16.) [W. B. D).]
who regarded Naucratis with especial favour, and HERTHA (contains probably the same elements
who, as a sign of her presence with Herostratus as the words earth, erde), the goddess of the earth,
and his crew, caused myrtles to spring forth all in contrast to the god of the regions of the air,
around her. Herostratus, when safely landed, among the ancient Germans. She appears either as
gave an entertainment to his friends, to celebrate a female Hertha, that is, as the wife of Thor, or as
his deliverance, and presented each of his guests a male being Herthus or Nerthus, and a friend of
with a myrtle crown:, hence such a chaplet was Thor. According to Tacitus (Germ. 40) there was
called ar'lqavos Navicpa'IT7rs. (Polycharm. ap. a sacred grove in an island of the ocean, containing
At/len. xv. pp. 675, f. 676, a, b; Casaub. ad loc.; a chariot, which no one but a priest was allowed to
comp. Herod. ii. 135.) [E. E.] touch. This priest alone also knew when the godHERO'STRATUS ('HpJdopaTos), an Ephesian, dess was present, and such seasons were spent in
set fire to the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, which great festivities, and people abstained from war,
had been begun by CHERSIPHRON, and completed until the priest declared that the goddess wished
by Demetrius and Paeonius. It was burnt on the to withdraw. Tacitus further calls her the mother
same night that Alexander the Great was born, of the gods. We cannot enter here into an exB. C. 356, whereupon it was remarked by Hegesias amination of this great German divinity, but refer
the Magnesian, that the conflagration was'not to the reader to Grimm's Deutschle Mythologie; J. P.
be wondered at, since the goddess was absent Anchersen, Vallis Herthae deae et Origines Danicae,
from Ephesus, and attending on the delivery of &c.; Hafniae, 1747, 4to.; Rabus, Dissertatio de
Olympias: an observation, says Plutarch, frigid dea Hertha, Augsburg, 1842. [L. S.]
enough to have put out the fire. The stroke of HESI'GONUS. [HEGESIGONUS.]
genius in question, however, is ascribed by Cicero, HE'SIODUS ('HgoSos), one of the earliest
whose taste it does not seem to have shocked, to Greek poets, respecting whose personal history we
Timaeus of Tauromenium. Herostratus was put possess little more authentic information than reto the torture for his deed, and confessed that he specting that of Homer, together with whom he is
had fired the temple to immortalise himself. The frequently mentioned bythe ancients. Thenames of
Ephesians passed a decree condemning his name to these two poets, in fact, form as it were the two
oblivion; but Theopompus embalmed him in his poles of the early epic poetry of the Greeks; and
history, like a fly in amber. (Strab. xiy. p. 640; as Homer represents the poetry, or school of poetry,
Plut. Alex. 3; Cic. De Nat. Deor. ii. 27; Val. belonging chiefly to Ionia in Asia Minor, so Hesiod
Max. viii. 14. Ext. 5; Gell. ii. 6.) [E. E.] is the representative of a school of bards, which
HERSE (Ep~-o). 1. The wife of Danaus and was developed somewhat later at the foot of Mount
mother of Hippodice and Adiante. (Apollod. ii. 1. Helicon in Boeotia, and spread over Phocis and
~ 5.) Euboea. The only points of resemblance between
2. A daughter of Cecrops and sister of Agraulos, the two poets, or their respective schools, consist in
Pandrosos, and Erysichthon. She was the beloved their forms of versification and their dialect, but in
of Hermes, and the mother of Cephalus. (Paus. i. 2. all other respects they move in totally distinct
~ 5; Apollod. iii. 14. ~ 2, &c.; Ov. Met. ii. 724.) spheres; for the Homeric takes for its subjects the
Respecting her story, see AGRAULOS. At Athens restless activity of the heroic age, while the Hesiodic
sacrifices were offered to her, and the maidens who turns its attention to the quiet pursuits of ordinary
carried the vessels containing the libation ('po-n) life, to the origin of the world, the gods and heroes.
were called Snp~odpoe. (Paus. i. 27. ~ 4; Hesych. The latter thus gave to its productions an ethical
and Moeris, s.v.) [L. S.] and religious character; and this circumstance
HERSI'LIA, the wife of Romulus, according to alone suggests an advance in the intellectual state
Livy (i. 11) and Plutarch (Romul. 14) but, ac- of the ancient Greeks upon that which we have
cording to Dionysius (ii. 45, iii, 1), Macrobius depicted in the Homeric poems, though we do not
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