A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

428 HERODES. HERODES.
from his first appointment to the throne by Antony Salome, to set aside this arrangement, and obtain
and Octavian) and the seventieth of his age, B. C. the royal dignity for himself. Augustus, however,
4.* He was honoured with a splendid funeral by after some delay, confirmed in all essential points.
his son Archelaus, whom he had appointed his suc- the provisions of Herod's will, and Antipas returned
cessor in the kingdom, and was buried at Hero- to take possession of his tetrarchy. On his way to
dium, a fortified palace which he had himself Rome, he had seen and become enamoured of
erected, not far from Jericho. (Joseph. Ant. xvii. 8, Herodias, the wife of his half-brother, Herod
B. J. i. 33. ~~ 8, 9.) Of his character it seems un- Philip; and after his return to Palestine, he,
necessary to speak, after the narrative above given. married her, she having, in defiance of the Jewish
There is abundant proof that he possessed great law, divorced her first husband. He -had been
talents, and even great qualities, but these were previously married to a daughter of the'Arabian
little able to compensate for the oppression and prince Aretas, who quitted him in disgust at this
tyranny which marked his government towards his new alliance, and retired to her father's court.
subjects, not to speak of his frightful barbarities Aretas subsequently avenged the insult offered to
towards his own family. his daughter, as well as some differences that had
Josephus is almost our sole authority for the arisen in regard to the frontiers of their respective
events -of his reign; though the general outline of states, by invading the dominions of Antipas, and
the facts which he relates is supported by incidental totally defeating the army which was opposed to
notices in the Greek and Roman writers, especially him. He was only restrained from farther proby Strabo (xvi. p. 765). Nevertheless, we cannot gress by the fear of Rome; and Tiberius, on the
but deeply regret the loss of the contemporary complaint of Antipas, sent orders to Vitellius, the
history of Nicolas of Damascus, the friend and praefect of Syria, to punish this aggression. Anapologist of Herod, notwithstanding the partiality tipas himself is said by Josephus (xviii. 7. ~ 2) to:
with which he is taxed by the Jewish historian. have been of a quiet and indolent disposition, and
Herod was married to not less than ten wives: destitute of ambition; but he followed the exviz. 1. Doris, the mother of Antipater, already ample of his father in the foundation of a city on
mentioned; 2. Mariamne, the mother of Aristo- the lake of Gennesareth, to which he gave the name
bulus and Alexander, as well as of two daughters; of Tiberias; besides which, he fortified and
3, and 4, two of his own nieces, whose names are adorned with splendid buildings the previously
not mentioned, and by whom he had no children; existing cities of Sepphoris and Betharamphtha,
5. another Mariamne, a daughter of Simon, whom and called the latter Julia in honour of the wife of
he appointed high-priest; she was the mother of Augustus. In A. D. 38, after the death of Tiberius
Herod Philip; 6. a Samaritan, named Malthace, and accession of Caligula, Herod Antipas was
by whom he left three children, viz. Archelaus, induced to undertake a journey to Rome, to solicit
Herod Antipas, and a daughter named Olympias; from Caligula in person the title of king, which had
7. Cleopatra of Jerusalem, who was the mother of just been bestowed upon his nephew, Herod
a son called Herod, otherwise unknown, and Agrippa. To this step. he was instigated by the
Philip, the tetrarch of Ituraea; 8. Pallas, by whom jealousy and ambition of his'wife Herodias; but it
he had a son named Phasal; 9. Phaedra, mother proved fatal to him. Agrippa, who was high in
of Roxana; and, lastly, Elpis, mother of Salome. the favour of the Roman emperor, made use of all
In the preceding genealogical table those only of his his influence to oppose the elevation of his uncle,
wives are inserted whose offspring are of any im- whom he even accused of entertaining a treasonable
portance in history. [E. H.B.] correspondence with the Parthians.' On this charge
Antipas was deprived of his dominions, which
K _ ff r x were given to Agrippa, and sent into'exile at
/5.,, }' o Lyons (A.D. 39); from hence' he was subse~ds 1't ~ nquently removed to Spain, where he ended his days
l~ > M ~ in banishment. Herodias, as' she had been the
c~~~ e ~ Icause of his disgrace, became the partner of his
\0 S J exile. (Joseph. Ant. xvii. 9, 11, xviii. 2, 5, 7,: B. J.
ii269. whoimprisoie. 2, 6, 9.)
— o "" ~ o o~~eoo~j: It was Herod Antipas who imprisoned and put
to death John the Baptist, who had reproached
COIN OF HEROD THE GREAT. him with his unlawful connection with Herodias.
HERO'DES AGRIPPA. [AGRIPPA.] (Matt. xiv. 3; Mark, vi. 17-28; Luke, iii. 19.)
HERO'DES A'NTIPAS ('Hpc'8rls'Avf7lras), It was before him, also, that Christ was sent by
son of Herod the Great, by Malthace, a Samaritan. Pontius Pilate at Jerusalem, as belonging to his
(Joseph. Ant. xvii. 1. ~ 3, B. J. i. 28. ~ 4.) Ac- jurisdiction, on account of'his supposed Galilean
cording to the final arrangements of his father's origin. (Luke, xxiii. 6-12.) He is erroneously
will, Antipas obtained the tetrarchy of Galilee'and styled king by St. Mark (vi. 14). We learn little
Peraea, with a revenue of 200 talents, while the either from Josephus'or the Evangelists concerning
kingdom of Judaea devolved on his elder brother his personal character or that of his administration;
Archelaus. On the death of Herod both Antipas but there are not wanting indications that if his
and Archelaus hastened to Rome, where the former government was milder than that of his father, it
secretly endeavoured, with the support' of his aunt was yet far from an equitable one. (Concerning the
chronology of his reign, see Winer's Biblisches Real
* It must be observed that the death of Herod Wdrterbuch, vol. i. p. 570; and Eckhel, vol. iii. p.
took place in the same year with the actual birth of 489.) [E. H. B.]
Christ, but it is well known that this is to be placed HERO'DES A'TTICUS. [ATTICUS, p. 413.1
foui years before the date in general use as the HERO'DES ('Hpaw'ais), king of CHALcIS, was
Christian era. (See Clinton, F. H. vol. iii. p. 254.) son of Aristobulus, the ill-fated son of the Asmonean