A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

406 HERDONIUS. HERENNIA GENS.
quoted also by other ancient medical writers, and and Herdonius and nearly all his followers were
lhe may perhaps be the physician mentioned by slain, after a desperate and protracted resistance.
Martial (Epigr. vi. 78. 3). See C. G. Kuhn, (Liv. iii. 15-1-]9; Dionys. x. 14-.-17.) The exAdditam. ad Elench. Medic. Vet. a J. A. Fabric. ploit of Herdonius, although much misrepresented
in "Bibl. Graeca " exhibitum. [W. A. G.] by both Livy and Dionysius, and probably by the
HE'RCULES. [HERACLES.] annalists whom they consulted, throws considerable
HERCU'LIUS ('EPKcou'Aos), praefectus prae- light on the political history of Rome in the first
torio Illyrici, A. D. 408-412, is probably the century of the republic. It is amply narrated by
HIerculius to whom one of the letters of Chrysostom Niebuhr (Hist. of Rome, vol. ii. pp. 293-296),
is addressed. It is in answer to a letter from and analysed by Arnold (Hist. of Rone, vol. i. c.
Herculius to Chrysostom, and expresses'Chrysos- xi. note 11.) [W. B. D.]
tom's appreciation of the affection of Herculius for HERDO'NIUS, TURNUS, of Aricia in Lahim, which was "known by all the city," i. e. of tium, having inveighed against the arrogance of
Constantinople. The letter was written during Tarquin the Proud, and warned his countrymen
Chrysostom'sexile, A.D. 404 —407. (Chrysostom, against putting trust in him, Tarquin accused
Opera, vol. iii. p. 859, ed. Paris, 1834, &c.; Cod. him of plotting his death. Witnesses were subTheod. 11. tit. 17. ~ 4; tit. 22. ~ $; 12. tit.'. ~ orned, and weapons were conveyed by treacherous
172; 15. tit. 1. ~ 49.) [J. C. M.] slaves into the house where Herdonius lodged.
HERCU'LIUS MAXIMIA'NUS. [MAXI- His guilt was therefore inferred, and Herdonius
MIANUS.] was condemned by the great assembly of the LaHERCYNA ("Epxvva), a divinity of the lower tins, and drowned in the Aqua Ferentina. (Liv.
world, respecting whom the following tradition is i. 50, 51; Dionys. iv. 45-48.) The latter hisrelated. She was a daughter of Trophonius, and torian relates the story with some differences, and
once while she was playing with Cora, the daughter makes Herdonius a native of Corioli. [W. B. D.]
of Demeter in the grove of Trophonius, near Leba- HE'REAS ('Hpeas), an historical writer, a nadeia in Boeotia, she let a goose fly away, which she tive of Megara, quoted by Plutarch (Thes. 20, 32,
carried in her hand. The bird flew into a cave, Sol. 10.) [C. P. M.]
and concealed itself under a block of stone. When HERENNIA ETRUSCILLA. [ETRUSCora pulled the bird forth from its hiding place, a C1LLA.]
well gushed forth from under the stone, which was HEREN'NIA GENS, originally Samnite (Liv.
called Hercyna. On the bank of the rivulet a ix. 3; Appian, Samnit. 4.:~ 3), and by the Samtemple was afterwards erected, with the statue of nite invasion established in Campania (Liv. iv, 37,
a maiden carrying a goose in her hand; and in the vii. 38, xxxix. 13), became at a later period a
cave there were two statues with staves surrounded plebeian house at Rome. (Cic. Brut. 45, ad Att.
by serpents, Trophonius and Hercyna, resembling i. 18, 19; Sall. Hist. ii. ap. Gell. x. 20; Liv.
the statues of Asclepius and Hygeia. (Paus. ix. xxiii. 43.) The Herennii were a family of rank in
39. ~ 2.) Hercyna founded the worship of Deme- Italy. They were the hereditary patrons of the
ter at Lebadeia, who hence received the surname of Marii. (Plut. Mar. 5.) Herennius was a leading
Hercyna. (Lycoph. 153, with the note of Tzetzes.) senator of Nola in Campania (Liv. xxiii. 43); and
Hercyna was worshipped at Lebadeia in common M. Herennius was decurio of Pompeii about B. c.
with Zeus, and sacrifices were offered to both in 63. (Plin. H. N. ii. 51.) From a coin (see becommon. (Liv. xlv. 27.) [L. S.] low), from the cognomen Siculus (Val. Max. ix.
HERDO'NIUS, AP'PIUS, a Sabine chieftain, 12. ~ 6), and the settlement of an Herennius at
who, in a.c. 460, during the disturbances that Leptis as a merchant (Cic. in Verr. i. 5, v. 59),
preceded tne Terentilian law at Rome, with a band one branch at least of the family seems to have
of outlaws and slaves, made himself master of the been engaged in commerce (Macrob. Sat. iii. 6;
capitol. The enterprise was so well planned and Serv. ad Aen. viii. 363), especially in the Sicilian
conducted, that the first intimation of it to the and African trade, and in the purchase and expeople of Rome was the war-shout and trumpets of portation of the silphium — ferula Tingitanathe invaders from the summit of the capitoline hill. (Sprengel, Rei Herbar. p. 84), from Cyrene. (Plin.
Herdonius was most probably in league with a H. N. xix. 3.) The Herennii appear for the first
section of the patrician party, and especially with time in the Fasti, B. c. 93.. finder the empire
the Fabian house, one of whose members, Kaeso they held various provincial and military offices
Fabius, had recently been exiled for his violence (Joseph. Antigq xviii. 16; Tac. Hist. iv. 19; Dion
in the comitia. Without some connivance within Cass. lxvii. 13; Plin. Ep. vii. 33); and the wife
the city, the exploit of Herdonius seems incredible. of the Emperor Decius (A. D. 249) was Herennia
At the head of at least 4000 men (Liv. iii. 15; Etruscilla. [ETRUSCILLA; ETRUSCUS.] The cogDionys. x. 14), he dropped down the Tiber, passed nomens which occur under the republic are BALunhailed under the walls of Rome, and through the Bus, BAssus, CERRINIUS, PONTIUS, and SICUL US.
Carmental gate, which, although from a religious As the surnames of Balbus, Bassus, and Cerrinius,
feeling (Liv. ii. 49; Ov. Fasti, ii. 201), it was have been omitted under these names, they are
always open, was certainly not usually unguarded, placed under the gentile name.
and ascended the clivus capitolinus by a peopled For the cognomens under the empire, see the
street, the vicus jugalis. Herdonius proclaimed alphabetical list on p. 408.
freedom to slaves who should join him, abolition of In the Herennian, as in other families of Sabeldebts, and defence of the plebs from:their oppres- lian origin, a peculiarity in the system of names is
sors. But his offers attracted neither bond nor. free to be noted. To the family or paternal name was
man, and his demand that the exiles should be re- added that of the mother or wife. Thus the son of
called was equally disregarded. His success indeed Cerrinius and Minia Paculla (Liv. xxxix. 13) is
was confined to the capture of the citadel. On the. Minius Cerrinius, who, by marriage with an Hefourth'day from his entry the capitol was re-taken, rennia, becomes Herennius Cerrinius. The son