A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

398 HERACLES. HERACLES.
lower world with a contest with Hades, as we see lion's skill; but, according to Apollodorus and Dioeven in the Iliad (v. 397), and more particularly in dorus, he nevertheless performed several great
the Alcestis- of Euripides (24, 846, &c. See Apol- feats. (Ov. Fast. ii. 305, Heroid. ix. 53; Senec.
lod. ii. 5. ~ 12; Diod. iv. -25, &c.; Plut. Thes. 30; Hifpol. 317, Here. Fur. 464; Lucian, Dial. Deor.
Pans. ii. 31. ~ 2, ix. 34. ~ 4, iii. 25. ~ 4, ii. 35. ~ xiii. 2; Apollod. ii. 6. ~- 3; Diod. iv. 31, &c.)
7; Ov. AMet. vii. 415, Serv. ad Virg. Georg. ii. 152, Among these, we mention his chaining the CerAen. vi. 617). copes [CEacoPEs]; his killing Syleus and his
Such is the account of the twelve labours of He- daughter in Aulis, his defeat of the plundering
racles. According to Apollodorus, Eurystheus ori- Tdones, his killing a serpent on the river Sygaris,
ginally required only ten, and commanded him to and his throwing the blood-thirsty Lytierses into
perform two more, because he was dissatisfied with the Maeander. (Comp. Hygin. Poet. Astr. ii. 14;
two of them; but Diodorus represents twelve as the Schol. ad Theocrit. x. 41; Athen. x. p. 415.) He
original number required. Along with these labours further gave to the island of Doliche the name of
(a6Aot), the ancients relate a considerable number of Icaria, as he buried in it the body of Icarus, which
othfer-. -kwf r mherarmed without had been washed on shore by the waves. He also
being commanded by Eurystleus; somoftem uz wmsertaok an expedition to Colchis, which brought
interwoven with the twelve 0hXol, and others belong him in-rco-nneiouwith the Argonauts (Apollod. i.
to a later period. Those of the former kind 9. ~ 16; Herod. via. iG; Schol. ad Apollon.
have already been noticed above; and we now Rhod. i. 1289; Anton. Lib. 26)-; se ol part in the
proceed to mention the principal 7rdpepya of the Calydonian hunt, and met Theseus on his mdri:g.
second class. After the accomplishment of the from Troezene on the Corinthian isthmus. An extwelve labours, and being released from the ser- pedition to India, which was mentioned in some
vitude of Eurystheus, he returned to Thebes. He traditions, may likewise be inserted in this place.
there gave Megara in marriage to Iolaus; for, as he (Philostr. Fit. Apoll. iii. 4, 6; Arrian, Ind. 8, 9.)
had lost the children whom he had by her, he When the period of his servitude and his illlooked upon his connection with her as displeasing ness had passed away, he undertook an expeto the gods (Paus. x. 29), and went to Oechalia. dition against Troy, with 18 ships and a band of
According to some traditions, Heracles, after his heroes. On his landing, he entrusted the fleet to
return from Hades, was seized with madness, in Oicles, and with his other companions made an
which he killed both Megara and her children. attack upon the city. Laomedon in the mean time
This madness was a calamity sent to him by Hera, made an attack upon the ships, and slew Oicles,
because he had slain Lycus, king of Thebes, who, but was compelled to retreat into the city, where
in the belief that Heracles would not return from he was besieged. Telamon was the first who forced
Hades, had attempted to murder Megara and her his way into the city, which roused the jealousy of
children. (Hygin. Fab. 32; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 38.) Heracles to such a degree that he determined to
Eurytus, king of Oechalia, an excellent archer, and kill him; but Telamon quickly collected a heap of
the teacher of Heracles in his art, had promised his stones, and pretended that he was building an altar
daughter Iole to the man who should excel him and to Heracles KaXAMvIcos or dAehialcosr. This soothed
his sons in using the bow. Heracles engaged in the the anger of the hero; and after the sons of Laocontest with them, and succeeded, but Eurytus re- medon had fallen, Heracles gave to Telamon IIefused abiding by his promise, saying, that he would sione, as a reward for his bravery. (H-om. II. v.
not give his daughter to a man who had murdered 641, &c., xiv. 251, xx., 145, &c.; Apollod. ii. 6.
his own children. Iphitus, the son of Eurytus, en- ~ 4; Diod. iv. 32, 49; Eurip. Troad. 802, &c.)
deavoured to persuade his father, but in vain. On his return from Troy, Hera sent a storm to
Soon after this the oxen of Eurytus were carried impede his voyage, which compelled him to land
off, and it was suspected that Heracles was the in the island of Cos. The Meropes, the inhabitoffender. Iphitus again defended H1racles, went ants of the island, took him for a pirate, and reto him and requested his assistance in searching ceived him with a shower of stones; but during the
after the oxen. Heracles agreed; but when the night he took possession of the island, and killed
two had arrived at Tiryns, Heracles, in a fit of the king, Eurypylus. Heracles himself was
madness, threw his friend down from the wall, and wounded by Chalcodon, but was saved by Zeus.
killed him. Deiphobus of Amyclae, indeed, puri- After he had ravaged Cos, he went, by the comfled Heracles from this murder, but he was, never- mand of Athena, to Phlegra, and fought against
theless, attacked by a severe illness. Heracles then the Gigantes. (Apollod. ii. 7. ~ 1; Hoem. t. xiv.
repaired to Delphi to obtain a remedy, but the Py- 250, &c.; Pind. Nern. iv. 40.) Respecting his
thia refused to answer his questions. A struggle fight against the giants, who were, according to an
between Heracles and Apollo ensued, and the com- oracle, to be conquered by a mortal, see especially
batants were not separated till Zeus sent a flash of Eurip. Here. Fur. 177, &c., 852, 1190, &c., 1272.
lightning between them. Heracles now obtained Among the giants defeated by him we find menthe oracle that he should be restored to health, if tion of Alcyoneus, a name borne by two among
he would sell himself, would serve three years for them. (Pind. Neon. iv. 43, Isth-m. vi. 47.)
wages, and surrender his wages to Eurytus, as an Soon after his return to Argos, Heracles marched
atonement for the murder of Iphitus. (Apollod. ii. against Augeas to chastise him for his breach-of
6. ~ 1, 2; Died. iv. 31., &c.; Hoem. II. ii. 730, Od. promise (see above), and then proceeded to Pylos,
xxi. 22, &c.; Soph. Trach. 273, &c.) Heracles which he took, and killed Periclymenus, a son of
-was sold to Omphale, queen of Lydia, and widow Neleus. He then advanced against Lacedaemon,:of Tmolus. Late writers, especially the Roman to punish the sons of Hippocoon, for having assisted
poets, describe Heracles, during his stay with Om- Neleus and slain Oeonus, the son of Licymnius.
phale, as indulging at times in an effeminate life: (Paus. iii. 15. ~ 2, ii. 18. ~ 6; Apollod. ii. 7. ~ 3;
he span wool, -it is said, and sometimes he put on Diod. iv. 33.) Heracles took Lacedaemon,;Md
the garments of a woman, while Omphale wore his assigned the government of it to Tyndareus. On