A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

HERACLEITUS. ~ HERACLEITUS.'391:and Hippocrates II., the most famous of that 2.: Alyric poet, by whom there existed, in the
name. (Jo. Tzetzes, Cltil. vii. Hist. 1 55 in Fabric. time of Diogenes Lairtius (ix. 17), an encomium on
Bibl. Gra.ec. vol. xii. p. 680, ed, vet.; Poeti Epist. the Twelve Gods..ad Artaw., and Sorani Vita Hippocer. in Hippocr. 3. An elegiac poet of Halicarnassus, a contemOpera, vol. iii. p. 770, 850; Suid. s. v.'I7rroecpd- porary and friend of Callimachus, who wrote an
T)S/; Steph. Byz. s, v. Kvir). epigram on him which is preserved in Diogenes
2. A physician of Tarentum (hence commonly Lairtius (ix. 17; comp. Strab. xiv. p. 656).
called Tarentinus), a pupil of Mantias (Galen, De 4. Of Sicyon, the author of a work on stones,
Compos. Medicam. see. Gen. ii. 1, vol. xiii. p. 462), of which the second book is quoted by Plutarch.
who lived probably in the third or second century (De Fluv. 13.)
B. C., somewhat later than Apollonius the Empiric 5. A Peripatetic philosopher, who is mentioned
and Glaucias. (Cels. De Med. i. Praef. p. 5.) He by Plutarch (adv. bolot. p. 1115) as the author of
belonged to the sect of the Empirici (Cels. 1. a.; Ga- a work entitled Zoroaster.
len, De Metl. Med. ii. 7, vol. x. p. 142), and wrote 6. An Academic philosopher of Tyre and a
some works on Materia Medica, which are very fre- friend of Antiochus. He was for many years a
quently quoted by Galen, but of which only a few pupil of Cleitomachus and Philo, and was a philofragments remain. Galen speaks of him in high sopher of some reputation. (Cic. Acad. ii. 4.) Some
terms of praise, saying that he was an author who writers have confounded him with Heracleitus the
could be entirely depended on, as he wrote in his Peripatetic. (Menage, ad Diog. Laert. ix. 17,)
works only what he had himself found from his 7. The reputed author of a work Ilepi'A7rirTcrv,
own experience to be correct. (De Compos. Medi- which was published from a Vatican MS. with a
cain. see. Gen. iv. 7, vol. xiii. p. 717,) He was also Latin translation and solne other works of a similar
one of the first persons who wrote a commentary kind by Leo Allatius, Rome, 1641. But the editor
on all the works in the Hippocratic Collection. suspected that the name Heracleitus was a mistake
(Galen, Comment. in Itippoer. " De Humor." i. for Heracleides, and thinks it possible that he may
Prooem. 24, vol. xvi. pp. 1, 196.) He is several be the Heracleides who wrote on the allegories in
times quoted by Caelius Aurelianus and other Homer. This work has been also published by
ancient authors. A further account of his lost Gale in his Op. Mlytlhologica, Cantab. 1671; by
works, and his medical opinions so far as they can Teucher, Lemgo, 1796; and by Westermann,
be found out, may be found in two essays by C. in his AMythographl. Brunsvig. 1843.
G. KUhn, inserted in the second volume of his 8. A comic poet, whose comedy, entitled SertOpuscula Academica Medica et Plilologica, Lips. 3'wv, is referred to by Athenaeus (x. p. 414). Mei2 vols. 8vo, 1827, 1828. neke (Hist. Crit. Cons. Gr. p. 422) thinks that the
3. A physician, mentioned by Diogenes Ladrtius name Heracleitus is a mistake for Heracleides, and.(v. 94) as one of the followers of Hicesius, the that, consequently, our comic poet is the same as
head of the Erasistratean school of medicine at the Heracleides who ridiculed Adaeus, a commander
Smyrna, who must therefore probably have lived of mercenaries (under Philip of Macedonia), by
in the first century B. C. calling him'AAhEKtrpswV, or the cock. (Athen. xii.
4. Surnamed Erythraeus, a physician of Ery- p. 532; Zenob. Proverb. vi. 34.) [L. S.]
thrae in Ionia, who was a pupil of Chrysermus HERACLELTUS ('Hpa'drXiaos), of Ephesus,
(Galen, De Di/eir. Puls. iv. 10, vol. viii. p. 743), surnamed qcpvuetcs, son of Blyson, a philosopher
a fellow-pupil of Apollonius, and a contemporary generally considered as belonging to the Ionian
of Strabo in the first century B. c. (Strab. xiv. 1, school, though he differed from their principles in
p. 182, ed. Tauchn.) Galen calls him the'most many respects. He is said to have been instructed
distinguished of all the pupils of Chysermus (I. e.), by Hippasus of Metapontum, a Pythagorean, or by
and mentions a work written by him, lIeph Trms Xenophanes, the founder of the Eleatic school, but'HporPLAou Alpe'es-eo, De Heroplili Secta (Ibid. p. neither statement rests on any probable foundation.
746), consisting of at least seven books. He wrote We read that in his youth he travelled extensively,
a commentary on the sixth book of Hippocrates, and that after his return to Ephesus the chief mslDe Moris Vulgaribus (Galen, Commnent. in Hip- gistracy was offered him, which, however, he transpocr. " Epid. VI." i. Praef. vol. xvii. pt. i. p. 793), ferred to his brother. He gave, as his reason for
but neither this nor any of his writings are still declining it, the infamous state of morals prevalent
extant. [W. A. G.] in the city, and employed himself in playing at
HERACLEITUS ('HpdaKhls'oS), a native of dice with boys near the temple of Artemis, infolrmCyme, in Aeolia, was appointed by Arsinoe, the ing the passers by that this was a more profitable
wife of Lysimachus, to the government of Heraclea, occupation than to attempt the hopeless task of
when that city was given to her by her husband. governing them. I-Ie appears afterwards to have
By his arbitrary and tyrannical administration lie become a complete recluse, rejecting even the kind;
inflicted a great injury on the prosperity of He- nesses offered by Dareins, and at last retreating to
raclea, and alienated the minds of the citizens, so the mountains, where he lived on pot-herbs, but, after
that after the death of Lysimachus (B. c. 281) they some time, he was compelled by the sickness coiirose in revolt against him, and, uniting with the sequent on such meagre diet to return to Ephesus,
mercenaries under his command, took Heracleitus where he died. As to the manner of his death,
prisoner, and re-established, the liberty of their various absurd stories are related. His age at the
city. (.Memnon, ap. Phlot. p. 225, a. b. ed. Bek- time of his death is said, on Aristotle's authority,
ker.) In the second passage where he is mentioned to have been sixty (Diog. Laert. ix. 3, compared
by Memnon, his name is written Heracleides: it is with viii. 52), and he flourished about the 69th
uncertain whiich is the correct form. [E. Hi. B.] Olympiad (Ib. ix. 1), being later than Pythagoras,
HIERACLEITUS ('HpdcAELTos). 1. Of Lesbos, Xenophanes, and Hecataeus, whore he mentions.
-the author of a history of Macedonia, but other- With this date Suidas agrees, and hence Clinton
wise unknown. (Diog. La[:rt. ix. 17.) (F. IrI. vol. ii.) places him under the year B.c. 513.
cc 4