A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

HERACLEIDAE. HERACLEIDES. 387
5 147), though Pindar places it in the neighbour- Sparta. (Apollod. 1. c.; Paus. v. 3; Polyaen. i.
hood of Thebes. (Pythl. ix. 137; comp. Anton. Lib. 9.) The conquerors now succeeded without diffi1. c; Herod. ix. 27; Eurip. fleracl.) After the culty, for many of the inhabitants of Peloponnesus
battle, the Heracleidae entered Peloponnesus, and spontaneously opened their gates to them, and other
maintained themselves there for one'year. But a places were delivered up to them by treachery.
plague, which spread over the whole peninsula, (Paus. ii. 4. ~ 3, iii. 13. ~ 2, iv. 3. ~ 3, v. 4. ~ 1;
compelled them (with the exception of Tlepole- Strab. viii. p. 365.) They then distributed the
mus, who went to Rhodes) to return to Attica, newly acquired possessions among themselves by
where, for a time, they again settled in the Attic lot: Temenus obtained Argos; Procles and Eutetrapolis. From thence, however, they proceeded rystheus, the twin sons of Aristodemus, Lacedaeto Aegimius, king of the Dorians, about the river mon; and Cresphontes, Messenia.
Peneius, to seek protection. (Apollod. ii. 8. ~ 2; Such are the traditions about the Heracleidae
Strab. ix. p. 427.) Diodorus (iv. 57) does not and their conquest of Peloponnesus. The commention this second stay in Attica, and he repre- paratively late period to which these legends refer
sents only the descendants of Hyllus as living is alone sufficient to suggest that we have not beamong the Dorians in the country assigned to fore us a purely mythical story, but that it contains
Heracles by Aegimius: others again do not notice a genuine historical substance, notwithstanding the
this first expedition into Peloponnesus (Pherecyd. various contradictions contained in the accounts.
ap. Anton. Lib. 1. c.), and state that Hyllus, after But a critical examination of the different traditions
the defeat of Eurystheus, went with the other belongs to a history of Greece, and we refer the
Heracleidae to Thebes, and settled there at the reader to Miiller's Dorians, book i. chap. 3; ThirlElectrian gate. *The tradition then goes on to say wall, Hist. of Greece, vol. i. p. 282, &c., 8vo edit.;
that Aegimius adopted Hyllus, who, after the lapse Bernardi ten Haar, Commentatio praemio ornata,
of three yewrs iln conjunction with a band of qua respubl. ad quaestionem: Enarrentur HeracliDorians, undertook an expedition against Atreus, darunz incursdones in Peloponnesum earumque causae
who, having married a dausgter. of Eurystheus, atque effectus exponantur, Groningen, 1830. [L. S.]
had become king of Mycenae and Thysa. They HERACLEIDES ('HpauXeldbs). 1. A citizen
marched across the Corinthian isthmus, nn&first of Mylasa in Caria, who commanded the Carian
met Echemus of Tegea, who fought for the interes4 Greeks in their successful resistance to the arms of
of the Pelopidae, the principal opponents of the Persia after the revolt of Aristagoras, B. c. 498.
Heracleidae. Hylltus fell in single combat with The Persian troops fell into an ambuscade which
Echemus, and according to an agreement which the had been prepared. for them, and were cut to pieces,
two had entered into, the Heracleidae were not to together with their generals, Daurises, Amorges,
make any fulrther attempt upon the peninsula within and Sisimaces. (Herod. v. 121.)
tile next fifty years. They accordingly went to 2. A Syracusan, son of Lysimawhus, was one of
Tricorythus, where they were allowed by the the three generals appointed by t S$yracusans,
Athenians to take up their abode. During the after the first defeat they suffered from the Atheperiod which now followed (ten years after the nians on their arrival in Sicily, B. c. 415. His
death of Hyllus), the Trojan war took place; and colleagues were Hermocrates and Sicanus, and theythirty years after the Trojan war Cleodaeus, son of were invested with full powers, the late defeat
Hyllus, again invaded Peloponnesus; and about being justly ascribed by Hermocrates to the too
twenty years later Aristomachus, the son of Cleo- great number of the generals, and their want of
daeus, undertook the fourth expedition. But both sufficient control over their troops. (Thuc. vi.
heroes fell. Not quite thirty years after Aristomna- 73; Diod. xiii. 4.) They were deposed from their
chus (that is, about 80 years after the destruction command in the following summer, on account of
of Troy), the Heracleidae prepared for a great and their failure in preventing the progress of the
final attack. Temenus, Cresphontes, and Aristo- Athenian works. Of the three generals appointed
demus, the sons of Aristomachus, after having re- in their place, one was also named Heracleides.
ceived the advice of an oracle, built a fleet on the (Thuc. vi. 103.)
Corinthian gulf; but this fleet was destroyed, be- 3. A Syracusan, son of Aristogenes, was one of
cause Hippotes, one of the Heracleidae, had killed the commanders of the Syracusan squadron sent to
Carnus, an Acarnanian soothsayer; and Aristode- co-operate with the Lacedaemonians and their
mus was killed by a flash of lightning. (Apollod. allies. He joined Tissaphernes at Ephesus just in
ii. 8. ~ 2; Paus. iii. 1. ~ 5.) An oracle now or- time to take part in the defeat of the Athenians
dered them to take a three-eyed man for their under Thrasyllus, B. c. 409. (Xen. Hell. i. 2.
commander. He was found in the person of Oxy- ~ 8, &c.)
lus, the son of Andraemon. The expedition now 4. A Syracusan, who held the chief command
successfully sailed from Naupactus towards Rhion of the mercenary forces under the younger Dionyin Peloponnesus. (Paus. viii. 5. ~ 4). Oxylus, sius. (Diod. xvi. 6; Plut. Dion, 32.) We have
keeping the invaders away from his own kingdom little information as to the causes which led to his
of Elis, led them through Arcadia. Cresphontes exile from Syracuse, but it may be inferred, from
is said to have married the daughter of the Arca- an expression of Plutarch (Dion, 12), that he was
dian king, Cypselus, and Polycaon Euaechme, the suspected of conspiring with Dion and others to
daughter of Hyllus. Thebans, Trachinians, and overthrow the tyrant: and it seems clear that he
Tyrrhenians, are further said to have supported the must have fled from Syracuse either at the same
Heracleidae and Dorians. (Paus. iv. 3. ~ 4, viii. time with Dion and Megacles, or shortly after5. ~ 4; Schol. ad Soph. Aj. 17; Eurip. Ploen. wards. Having joined the other exiles in the
1386; Pind. Pyth. v. 101, Isthm. vii. 18.) Being Peloponnesus, he co-operated with Dion in his prethus strongly supported in various ways, the Hera- parations for the overthrow of Dionysius, and the
cleidae and Dorians conquered Tisamenus, the son liberation of Syracuse, but did not accompany him
of Orestes, who ruled over Argos, Mycenae, and when he actually sailed, having remained behind
cc2