A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

h'isI PHAESTION IIEPHAESTUS. 383
of Philotas (B. C. 330), the command of the select "also refused to appoint a successor to him in his
cavalry called eaipos, or horse-guards, was divided military command, and ordered that the division of
for a time between Hephaestion and Cleitus, but cavalry of which he had been chiliarch should conit does not appear that on the death of the latter tinue to bear his name. (Arr. Anab. vii. 14; Diod.
any one was appointed to succeed him, and -thence- iii. 110, 114, 115; Plut. Alex. 72; Justin, xii.
forward Hephaestion held the sole command of that 12.)
important corps,-a post which was regarded as It was fortunate for Hephaestion that his premathe highest dignity in the whole army. (Arr. Anab. ture death saved him from encountering the
iii. 27, vii. 14, ap. P/sot. p. 69, a.; Diod. xviii. 3.) troubles and dissensions which followed that of
From this time forward-whether Alexander trust- Alexander, and in which he was evidently ill
ed to experience having supplied'any original defi- qualified to compete with the sterner and more
ciency of military talent, or that he had really seen energetic spirits that surrounded him. Even during
occasion for placing greater confidence in his fa- the lifetime of the king, the enmity between him
vourite-we find Hephaestion frequently entrusted and Eumenes, as well as that already adverted to
with separate commands of importance, during the with Craterus, had repeatedly broken out, with a
campaigns in Bactria and Sogdiana, and still more vehemence which required the utmost exertions of
during the expedition to India. Thus he was not Alexander to repress them; and it is but justice to
only charged by Alexander with the care of found- the latter to observe, that his authority was eming new cities and colonies, with preparing the ployed on these occasions without any apparent
bridge over the Indus, and with the construction of partiality to his favourite. (Plut. Alex. 47, Earm.
the fleet on the Acesines, which was to descend 2; Arr. Anab. vii. 13, 14.) If, indeed, we cannot
that river and the Indus, but was detached on refuse this obnoxious name to Hephaestion, nor
several occasions with a large force for strictly affirm that he was altogether exempt from the
military objects. When Alexander approached the weaknesses and faults incident to such a position,
Indus in B. c. 327, Hephaestion was ordered to it may yet be fairly asserted that history affords
advance, together with Perdiccas and the Indian few examples of a favourite who abused his adking Taxiles, by the direct line down the valley of vantages so little. [E. H. B.]
the Cophen, while the king was engaged in sub- HEPHAE'STION ('HpatLe-rwv). 1. A Greek
duing the warlike tribes farther north; and on grammarian, who instructed the emperor Verus in
reaching the Indus, he reduced an important Greek, and accordingly lived about the middle
fortress, after a siege of thirty days. Again, after of the second century after Christ. (Capitolin.
the passage of the Acesines, and the defeat of Verus Imnp. 2.) It is commonly supposed that
Porus, the task of subduing the other king of that he is the same as the Hephaestion whom Suidas
name was assigned to Hephaestion, a service of calls an Alexandrian grammarian. This latter Hewhich he acquitted himself with much distinction. phaestion wrote versified manuals on grammatical
After this he was appointed to conduct one division subjects. Suidas, who mentions several works beof the army along the left bank of the river, while sides, speaks of one entitled ArGpTv nIeI8,o/0i,
Craterus led the other on the opposite side; and which is believed to be the same as the'EyXELthroughout the descent of the Indus, and the sub- pl8tov irepl pe'~pc.u, which has come down to us
sequent march through Gedrosia, the command of under the name of Hephaestion, and. is a tolerably
the main body of the army, whenever it was sepa- complete manual of Greek metres, forming, in fact,
rated from the king, devolved upon Hephaestion, the basis of all our knowledge on that subject.
either singly or in conjunction with Craterus. This little work is of great value, not only on
(Arr. Anab. iv. 16, 22, v. 21,29, vi. 2, 4, 5, 13, account of the information it affords us on the
17, 18, 20-22, 28, Ind. 19; Diod. xvii. 91, 93, subject it treats of, but also on account of the
96; Curt. viii. 1, 2, 10, ix. 1, 10.) By his ser- numerous quotations it contains from other writers,
vices during this period Hephaestion earned the especially poets. The first edition of this Enchi.
distinction of being among those rewarded by Alex- ridion appeared at Florence, 1526, 8vo., together
ander with crowns of gold on his arrival at Susa with the Greek grammar of Theodorus Gaza. It
(B. c. 324): a still higher honour was conferred was followed by the editions of Hadr. Turnebus
on him at the same time by Alexander's giving (Paris, 1553, 4to., with some Greek scholia), and
him in marriage Drypetis, the daughter of Dareius of J. Corn. de Pauw. (Traject. ad Rhen. 1726,
and sister of his own bride Stateira. (Arr. Anab. 4to.) The best edition is that of Th. Gaisford (Oxvii. 4; Diod. xvii. 107.) Hephaestion now found ford, 1810, 8vo., reprinted at Leipzig, 1832, 8vo.)
himself in possession of the highest power and dis- There is an English translation of it with prolegotinction to which a subject could aspire; but he mena and notes by Th. Foster Barham, Canlwas not destined long to enjoy these accumulated bridge, 1 843, 8vo.
honours. From Susa he accompanied Alexander, 2. A person who seems to have made it his busitowards the close of the year 325, to Ecbatana, ness to publish other men's works under his own
where he was attacked by a fever, which carried name. Thus he is said to have published one rIejhim off, after an illness of only seven days. Alex- ToV 7rapA'AvaKpf~ovtL AvYIvov orsqaiVov, and anander's grief for his loss was passionate and vio- other which waskthe production of the Aristotelian
lent, and found a vent in the most extravagant de- Adrantus. (Athen. xv. p. 673.) [L. S.]
monstrations. A general mourning was ordered HEPHAE'STION, a Greek sculptor,the son of
throughout the empire, and a funeral pile and mo- Myron; but whether of the great sculptor, Myron,
nument erected to him at Babylon (whither: his or not, is unknown. His name occurs in an inbody had been conveyed from Ecbatana), at a cost, scription. (Spon. Misc. Erud. Ant. p. 126; Bracci,
it is said, of 10,000 talents. Orders were at the vol. ii. p. 268.) [P. S.]
same time given to pay honours to the deceased as HEPHAESTUS ('HaLo-ros), the god of fire,
to a hero-a piece of flattery which is said to have was, according to the Homeric account, the son of
bteen dictated by the oracle of Ammon. Alexander Zeus and Hera. (11. i. 578, xiv. 338, xviii. 396,