A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

HELIOS. HELIOS. 375
AalwavoUo 4Ao0o)ou oroii'HALoUcspolt Aaporaatov occupied by the god, and surrounded by personifiirepi drrLIctIwv iwo0e'aeWv cLada f', which makes it cations of the different divisions of time (Ov. Met.
doubtful whether his true name was Damianus or ii. 1, &c.); and while Homer speaks only of the
HIeliodorus. The work is chiefly taken from gates of Helios in the west, later writers assign to
Euclid's Optics. The work was printed at Florence, him a second palace in the west, and describe his
with "an Italian version, by Ignatius Dante, with horses as feeding upon herbs growing in the islands
the Optics of Euclid, 1573, 4to.; at Hamburgh by of the blessed. (Nonn. Dionys. xii. 1, &c.; Athen.
F. Lindenbrog, 1610, 4to; at Paris, by Erasmus vii. 296; Stat. Theb. iii. 407.) The points at
Bartholinus, 1657, 4to (reprinted 1680); at Cam- which Helios rises and descends into the ocean are
bridge, in Gale's Opuscula Mythologica, 1670, 8vo. of course different at the different seasons oftheyear;
(but it is omitted in the Amsterdam edition, and the extreme points in the north and south,
1688); and lastly, with a Latin version and a dis- between which the rising and setting take place,
sertation upon the author, by A. Matani, Pistorii, are the'rporal IeAstolo. (Od. xv. 403; Hes. Op. et
1758, 8vo. Some other scientific works of Helio- Dies, 449, 525.) The manner in which Helios
dorus are mentioned. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. during the night passes from the western into the
viii. p. 128.) eastern ocean is not mentioned either by Homer or
2. Alchymist. (See No. IV.) Hesiod, but later poets make him sail in a golden
VI. Several'Heliodori of less importance are boat round one-half of the earth, and thus arrive in
mentioned by Fabricius. (Bibl. Graec. vol. viii. the east at the point from which he has to rise
pp. 126, 127.) again. This golden boat is the work of Hephaestus.
The Greek writers confound this name with (Athen. xi. 469; Apollod. ii. 5. ~ 10; Eustath. ad
Herodianus, Herodorus, Herodotus, Hesiodus, and Hom. p. 1632.) Others represent him as making
Diodorus. [P. S.] his nightly voyage while slumbering in a golden
HELIODO'RUS, a statuary in bronze and bed. (Athen. xi. 470.) The horses and chariot
marble, mentioned by Pliny among the artists who with which Helios makes his daily career are not
made "athletas et armatos et venatores sacrifican- mentioned in the Iliad and Odyssey, but first occur
tesque" (xxxiv. 8. s. 19. ~ 34). He was the maker in the Homeric hymn on Helios (9, 15; comp. in
of a celebrated marble group, representing Pan and Mere. 69, in Cer. 88), and both are described miOlympus wrestling, which stood in the portico of nutely by later poets. (Ov. Met. ii. 106, &c.;
Octavia, in the time of Pliny, who calls it "alterum Hygin. Fab. 183; Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 3;
in terris symplegma nobile" (xxxvi. 5. s. 4. ~ 10; Pind. Ol. vii. 71.)
comp. ~. 6, and CEPHISODOTUS.) [P. S.] Helios is described even in the Homeric poems
HELIODO'RUS ('HiAmcepos), a surgeon at as the god who sees and hears every thing, but,
Rome, probably a contemporary of Juvenal, in the notwithstanding this, he is unaware of the fact that
first century after Christ. (Juv. vi. 373.) He may the companions of Odysseus robbed his oxen, until
lie the same person who wrote a work on surgery, he was informed of it by Lampetia. (Od. xii. 375.)
which is quoted by Asclepiades Pharmacion (ap. But, owing to his omniscience, he was able to beGal. De Compos. Medic. sec. Gen. vi. 14, vol. tray to Hephaestus the faithlessness of Aphrodite,
xiii. p. 849), and Paulus Aegineta (De Re;MVed. and to reveal to Demeter the carrying off of her
iv. 49), and of which only some fragments remain, daughter. (Od. viii. 271, 11?ymn. in Cer. 75, &c.,
chiefly preserved by Oribasius and Nicetas. These in Sol. 10; comp. Soph. Ajax, 847, &c.) This
are to be- found in the twelfth volume of Chartier's idea of Helios knowing every thing, which also
edition of Galen, and in the Collection of Greek contains the elements of his ethical and prophetic
Surgical Writers published by Cocchi, Florence, nature, seems to have been the cause of Helios
1754, fol. (Haller's Biblioth. Clhirurg. vol. i. p. 71; being confounded and identified with Apollo, though
KUhn, Additam. ad Elelnch. Medic. Vet. a J.A. they were originally quite distinct; and the idenFabricio, ec. exhibitum.) [W. A. G.] tification was, in fact, never carried out completely,
HELIOGA'BALUS. [ELAGABALUS.] for no Greek poet ever made Apollo ride in the
HE'LIOS (CHXAos or'HeAos), that is, the sun, chariot of Helios through the heavens, and among
or the god of the sun. He is described as the son the Romans we find this idea only after the time
of Hyperion and Theia, and as a brother of Selene of Virgil. The representations of Apollo with rays
and Eos. (Hom. Od. xii. 176, 322, Hymn. in Misn. around his head, to characterise him as identical
9, 13; Hes. Tlweog. 371, &c.) From his father, with the sun, belong to the time of the Roman
he is frequently called Hyperionides, or Hyperion, empire.
the latter of which is an abridged form of the pa- The island of Thrinacia (Sicily) was sacred to
tronymic, Hyperionion. (Hom. Od. xii. 176, Helios, and lie there had flocks of oxen and sheep,
IHymn. in Cer. 74; Hes. Theog. 1011; Hom. each consisting of 350 heads, which never increased
Od. i. 24, ii. 19, 398, Hymn. inApoll. Pyth. 191.) or decreased, and were attended to by his daughIn the Homeric hymn on Helios, he is called a son ters Phaetusa and Lamnpetia. (Hom. Od. xii. 128.
of Hyperion and Euryphaiissa. Homer describes 261, &c.; Apollon. Rhod. iv. 965, &c.) Later
Helios as giving light both to gods and men: he traditions ascribe to him flocks also in the island
rises in the east from Oceanus5 though not from the of Erytheia (Apollod. i. 6. ~ I; comp. ii. 5. ~ 10;
river, but from some lake or bog (AijAvr) formed by Theocrit. xxv. 130), and it may be remarked in
Oceanus, rises up into heaven, where he reaches general, that sacred flocks, especially of oxen, occur
the highest point at noon time, and then he de- in most places where the worship of Helios was
scends, arriving in the evening in the darkness of established. His descendants are very numerous,
the west, and in Oceanus. (II. vii. 422, Od. iii. 1, and the surnames and epithets given him by the
&c., 335, iv. 400, x. 191, xi. 18, xii. 380.) poets are mostly descriptive of his character as the
Later poets have marvellously embellished this sun. Temples of Helios (7Jrtmea) seem to have exsimple notion: they tell of a most magnificent isted in Greece at a very early time (Hom. Od.
palace of Helios in the east, containing a throne xii. 346), and in later times we find his worship
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