A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

HECTOR. HECTOR. 365
(Panegyr. p. 74 d) that he was still ruling in B. c. Greeks to single combat. No one ventured to380. Clinton has suggested that the date B. C. come forward except Menelaus, who, however, was
279, assigned by Pliny for the death of Maussolus, dissuaded from it by his friends. The lot then fell
was in fact that of the commencement of his reign, upon the Telamonian Ajax. Hector was wounded,
and the death of his father, Hecatomnus. (Plin. and at nightfall the battle ceased, and the two
H. N. xxxvi. 6.) He left three sons, Maussolus, heroes honoured each other with presents. After
Idrieus, and Pixodarus, all of whom, in their turn, this he again distinguished himself by various
succeeded him in the sovereignty; and two feats (viii. 307, &c., x. 299, &c.,xi. 163, &c.) In
daughters, Artemisia and Ada, who were married, the fierce battle in the camp of the Greeks, he was
according to the Asiatic custom, to their brothers struck with a stone by Ajax, and carried away
Maussolus and Idrieus. (Strab. xiv. p. 656; Arr. from the field of battle (xiv. 402). Apollo cured
Anab. i. 23.) Hecatomnus was a native of Mylasa, his wound, and then led him back to battle. He
and made that city his capital and the seat of his there repelled Ajax, and fire was set to the ships
government: hence we find on his coins the figure of the Greeks (xv. 253, &c. xvi. 114, &c.). In the
of Zeus Labrandenos (represented as walking and encounter with Patroclus, he at first gave way, but,
carrying a bipennis over his shoulder), from the encouraged by Apollo, he returned. fought with
celebrated temple of that name near Mylasa. (Strab. Patroclus, slew him, took off his armour, and put it
xiv. p. 659; Eckhel, vol. ii. p. 596.) [E. H. B.] on himself (xvi. 654. &c., xvii. 192). Thereupon a
HECA'TON ('EKcdrwv), a Stoic philosopher, a vehement contest took place about the bodyof Patronative of Rhodes. All that we know of his per- clus, which Hector refused to give up. Polydamas
sonal history is contained in a passage of Cicero advised him to withdraw to the city before the ar(de Off. iii. 15); but besides the name of his birth- rival of Achilles, but the Trojan hero refused (xviii.
place we learn nothing more from it than that he 160, &c.). Apollo forbade Hector to enter upon-a
studied under Panaetius. He seems also to have contest with Achilles; but when the two heroes
been closely connected with the principal Stoic met, they were protected by Apollo and Athena
philosophers of his age. Of his somewhat volu- (xx. 375, &c.). The Trojans fled, but Hector;
minous writings nothing now remains. He was although called back by his parents in the most
the author of the following treatises:-De Oftiiiis imploring terms, remained and awaited Achilles.
(Cic. de Off iii. 15, 23); rIepl &ayaOco', in at least When, however, the latter made his appearance,
nineteen books; NIpl dpesrcv;;Iepl iEra,; Iepl I Hector took to flight, and was chased thrice around.reAhv,; Nep' irapaSo'zwv, in at least thirteen books; the city (xxii. 90, &c.). His fall was now deterXpseai (Diog. Ladrt. vii. 103, 101, 127, 125, mined on by Zeus and Athena; and assuming the
90, 110, 87, 102, 124, 26, 172, vi. 4, 32, 95.) appearance of Deiphobus, Athena urged him to
Hecaton is also frequently mentioned by Seneca in make his stand against the pursuer. Hector was
his treatise De Beneficiis. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. conquered, and fell pierced by the spear of Achilles
iii. 563.) [C. P. M.] (xxii. 182-330; comp. Diet. Cret. iii. 15). Achilles
HECTOR ("EKIcp), the chief hero of the Tro- tied his body to his own chariot, and thus dragged
jans in their war with the Greeks, was the eldest him into the camp of the Greeks; but later tradison of Priam by Hecabe, the husband of Andro- tions relate that he first dragged the body thrice
mache, and father of Scamandrius. (Hom. II. ii. around the walls of Ilium. (Virg. Aen. i. 483.)
817; Apollod. iii. 12. ~ 5; Theocrit. xv. 139.) In the camp the body was thrown into the dust,
Some traditions describe him as a son of Apollo that it might be devoured by the dogs. But Aphro(Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 265; Schol. Venet. ad I1. iii. dite embalmed it with ambrosia, and Apollo pro314.), and speak of him as the father of two sons tected it by a cloud. At the command of Zeus,
by Andromache, viz. Scamandrius and Laodamas, however, Achilles surrendered the body to the
or Amphineus. (Dict. Cret. iii. 20.) According prayers of Priam (xxiv. 15, &c.; comp. Eustath.
to the most common account, Protesilaus, who was ad Hons. p. 1273; Virg. Aen. i. 484). When the
the first of the Greeks that jumped upon the Trojan body arrived at Ilium, it was placed on a bier
coast, was slain by Hector. (Lucian, Dial. Mort. and while Andromache held the head of her be23, 1; Hygin. Fab. 113.) This, however, is not loved Hector on her knees,the lamentations began,
mentioned in the Iliad; and his first act described whereupon the body was burned, and solemnly
in that poem is his censure of Alexander (Paris) buried (xxiv. 718, &c.). Funeral games were
who, after having gone out to fight Menelaus in celebrated on his tomb (Virg. Aen. v. 371 Philostr.
single combat, took to flight. (II. iii. 39, &c.) Her. 10), and on the throne of Apollo at Amyclue,
He himself then challenged Menelaus. During the Trojans were seen offering sacrifices to him.
the battle lie was accompanied by Ares, with whom (Paus. iii. 18. ~ 9.) In pursuance of an oracle, the
he rushed forward to protect his friend Sarpedon, remains of Hector were said to have been conveyed
and slew many Greeks (v. 590, &c.) When Dio- to the Boeotian Thebes, where his tomb was shown
medes had wounded Ares, and was pressing the in later times. (Paus. ix. 18. ~ 4; Tzetz. ad LyTrojans very hard, Hector hastened to the city to coph. 1194.) Hector is one. of the noblest conrequest Hecabe to pray to Athena for assistance. ceptions of the poet of the Iliad. He is the great
(vi. 110.) Hereupon he went to Paris and had a bulwark of Troy, and even Achilles trembles when
conversation with him and Helena, reproaching he approaches him. He has a presentiment of the
the fornner for his cowardice. He then went to fall of his country, but he perseveres in his heroic
his own house to seek Andromache, but she was resistance, preferring death to slavery and disgrace.
absent; and he afterwards found her with her child But besides these virtues of a warrior, he is distinScamandrius at the Scaean gate. The scene which guished also, and perhaps more so than Achilles,
there took place is one of the most delicate and by those of a man: his heart is open to the gentle
beautiful scenes in the Iliad (vi. 406, &c.). After feelings of a son, a husband, and a father. He was
having taken leave of his wife and child, he re- represented. in the Lesche at Delphi by Polygn'otus
turned to battle, and challenged the bravest of the (Paus. x. 31. ~ 2), and on the chest of Cypselus