A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

358 HASDRUBAL. HASDRUBAL.
should prosecute his march to Italy, the son of horrible scheme: the camp of Hasdrubal and that
Gisco should confine himself to the defence of Lu-. of Syphax were set on fire at the same time, while
sitania and the western provinces of Spain, taking they were surrounded by the enemy's troops:
care to avoid a battle with Scipio. (Liv. xxvii. thousands of their men perished in the flames, the
20.)' This accounts for his inaction during the rest fell by the sword of the enemy in the darkness
following year. In the summer of 207 we hear of and confusion: out of 90,000 men, it is said that
him in the extreme south, near Gades, where he a few fugitives alone escaped, to tell the tale of this
was joined by Mago with the remains of his army, fearful massacre. Among these, however, was
after his defeat by M. Silanus. [MAGo.] But Hasdrubal himself, who hastened from the scene ot
though Scipio followed Mago to the south, and en- the disaster to Carthage, where he succeeded ill
deavoured to bring Hasdrubal to a battle, that persuading the senate once more to try the fortune
general evaded his designs, and the campaign came of war. Syphax had also escaped, and was soon
to a close without any decisive action. The next able to raise another army of Numidians, with
year (206) having greatly augmented his army by which he again joined Hasdrubal. But their
fresh levies, Hasdrubal found himself at the head united forces were a second time overthrown by
of a force of 70,000 foot and 4500 horse, with Scipio; and while Syphax fled once more into
which he and Mago no longer hesitated to meet Numidia, Hasdrubal returned to Carthage, B. c.
the enemy in the field.' They were attacked by 203. (Polyb. xiv. 1-8; Liv. xxix. 35, xxx. 3Scipio at a place called by Polybius Elinga, by 8; Appian, Pun. 13-23; Zonar. ix. 12.) This
Livy Silpia, situated apparently in the mining dis- is the last notice of him that occurs in Polybius or
trict of Baetica, and, after a long and obstinate Livy; according to Appian, on the contrary, he'combat, totally defeated. This battle, which seems avoided returning to Carthage, from apprehension
to have been one of the most striking instances of of the popular fury, and assembled a force of merScipio's military genius, was decisive of the war in cenary and Numidian troops, with which he kept
Spain; Hasdrubal and Mago, with the remains of the field- on his own account, having been contheir scattered army, took refuge within the walls demned to death for his ill success by the Carof Gades. (Polyb. xi. 20-24; Liv. xxviii. 1-3, thaginian government. Notwithstanding this, he
12-16; Appian, Hisp. 24-28.) The former continued to concert measures, and co-operate with
appears to have henceforth abandoned all hopes of his successor, Hanno the son of Hamilcar; and on
prosecuting the war in Spain, and turned all his the arrival of Hannibal from Italy his sentence was
attention to Africa, where Scipio had already reversed, and the troops he had collected placed
entered into negotiations with Syphax, the power- under the command of that general. But the poful king of the Massaesylians.!Hasdrubal, alarmed pular feeling against him had not subsided: he was
at these overtures, hastened in person to the court compelled to conceal himself within the city, and,
of the Numidian king, where it is said he arrived on some occasion of a sudden outbreak of party
at the same time with Scipio hinlself, and spent violence, he was pursued by his enemies, and with
some days in friendly intercourse with his dreaded difficulty escaped to the tomb of his family, where
adversary. (Liv. xxviii. 17, 18; Appian, Hisp. he put an end to his life by poison. His head was
30.) He was, however, successful in detaching cut off and paraded in triumph by the populace
Syphax from his meditated alliance with Rome, a through the city. (Appian, Pun. 24, 29, 30, 36,
success said'to have been owing in great part to 38; Zonar. ix. 12, 13.)
the charms of his daughter Sophonisba, whom he 11. A Hasdrubal, who must be distinct from
gave in marriage to the Numidian prince; but this the preceding, is mentioned by Livy and Appian as
same measure had the effect of completing the commanding the Carthaginian fleet in Africa in
alienation of Masinissa, prince of the Massylians, B. c. 203. According to the Roman accounts he
to whom Sophonisba had been previously promised. was guilty of a flagrant violation of the law of
-Hasdrubal, however, did not regard his enmity in nations by attacking the quinquereme in which the
comparison with the friendship of Syphax, whom ambassadors sent by Scipio were returning to his
he not long after instigated to invade the territories camp: they, however, made their escape to the
of Masinissa, and expel that prince from the whole land. He had previously been engaged in all
of his hereditary dominions. (Liv. xxix. 23, 31; attack upon the Roman'squadron under Cn. OctaAppian, Pun. 10-12; Zonar. ix. 11, 12.) vius, which, together with a large fleet of transSuch was the state of affairs when Scipio landed ports, had been wrecked on the coast near Carin Africa, in aB. C. 204. Hasdrubal, who was at thage. (Liv. xxx. 24, 25; Appian, Pun. 34.) It
this time regarded as one of the chief citizens in his is probable that he is the same who had been sent to
native state, was immediately placed at the head Italy, at an earlier period of the same year, to urge
of the Carthaginian land forces, and succeeded in the return of Hannibal to Africa. (Id. Annib. 58.)
levying an army of 30,000 foot and 3000 horse, 12. Surnamed the Kid (Haedus, Liv. xxx. 42,
which was quickly joined by Syphax with a force'Epi os, Appian, Pun. 34), was one of the leaders
of 50,000 foot and 10,000 horse. The approach of the'party at Carthage favourable to peace toof these two powerful armies compelled Scipio to wards the end of the Second Punic War. Hence
raise the siege of Utica, and establish his camp in when the envoys sent by Scipio were in danger
a strong position on a projecting headland, while of their lives from the fury of the populace at
Hasdrubal and Syphax formed two separate camps Carthage, it was this Hasdrubal, together with
to watch and, as it were, blockade him throughout Hanno, the leader of the anti-Barcine party, that
the winter. The Numidian king, however, allowed interposed to protect them, and sent them away
himself to be engaged in negotiations with Scipio, from the city under convoy of two Carthaginian
during the course of which the Roman general was triremes.'(Liv. xxx. 25; Appian, Pun. 34.) Acled -to form the dreadful project of burning both cording to Appian (lYb. 49), he was one of the amthe hostile camps. With'the assistance of Masi- bassadors sent to Scipio to sue for peace after the
nissa, he was enabled fillly to accomplish this battle of Zama (B. c. 202). Livy also mentions