A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

354 HASDRUBAL. HASDRUBAL.
Harpies were to perish by the hands of the Bo- soon after transferred to Xanthippus, it does not
reades, but the latter were to die if they could not appear that the generals were ever deposed; and
overtake the Harpies. The latter fled, but one fell after the final defeat of Regulus, Hasdrubal was
into the river Tigris, which was hence called immediately despatched to Sicily, with a large
Harpys, and the other reached the Echinades, and army, and not less than 140 elephants. (Id. 38.)
as she never returned, the islands were called The terror with which these animals at this time
Strophades. But being worn out with fatigue, she inspired the Romans rendered them unwilling to
fell down simultaneously with her pursuer; and, encounter Hasdrubal in the field, and thus gave
as they promised no further to molest Phineus, the him the command of the open country, notwithtwo Harpies were not deprived of their lives. standing which he appears to have wasted his time
(Apollod. i. 9. ~ 2].) According to others, the in unaccountable inactivity; and during a period
Boreades were on the point of killing the Harpies, of two years to have effected nothing beyond a few
when Iris or Hermes appeared, and commanded unimportant skirmishes. At length, in the beginthe conquerors to set them free, or both the Harpies ning of B. C. 250, he was aroused to exertion, and
as well as the Boreades died. (Schol. ad Apollon. advanced to attack the Roman consul, L. Caecilius
Rhod. i. 286, 297; Tzetz. Chil. i. 217.) In the Metellus, under the walls of Panormus. But
famous Hatrpy monument recently brought from Metellus, by his skilful dispositions, not only reLycia to this country, the Harpies are repre- pulsed his attack, but totally defeated his army;
sented in the act of carrying off the daughters of and, what was of the greatest consequence, killed
Pandareus. (Th. Panofka, in the Archlaeol. Zeit- or took captive all his elephants. This defeat had
ung for 1843, No. 4; E. Braun, in the Rhein. more than almost any other a decisive influence on'Mus. Neue Folge, vol. iii. p. 481, &c., who con- the fate of the war, as from this time the Roman
ceives that these rapacious birds with human heads superiority by land was almost undisputed. Hasare symbolical representations of death carrying off drubal escaped from the action to Lilybaeum, but
everything.) [L. S.] was put to death on his return to Carthage. (PoHASDRUBAL ('Aospov'as). According to lyb. i. 39, 40; Diod. Exc. Hoesch. xxiii. 14, p.
Gesenius(d. P/oen. Mon. pp. 401, 407) this name 506; Zonar. viii. 14; Oros. iv. 9.)
is more correctly written Asdrubal, without the 5. A Carthaginian, son-in-law of the great
aspiration, which has been adopted from a mistaken Hamilcar Barca. He appears to have early taken
analogy with Hannibal, Hamilcar, &c. (See Dra- part in public affairs, and distinguished himself
kenborch, ad Liv. xxi. 1.) The same writer ex- while yet a young man as one of the most influplains it as signifying c jus auxilium est Baal. 1. A ential leaders of the democratic party at Carthage
Carthaginian general, son of Mago, is represented by during the interval between the first and second
Justin as being, together with his father and his Punic wars. Community of interests led to a close
brother, Hamilcar, one of the chief founders of the connection between him and Hamilcar Barca, whose
military power and dominion of Carthage. Accord- daughter he had married, and whom he accoming to that writer he was eleven times invested with panied into Spain in 238 B. c. From thence he
the chief magistracy, which he calls dictatorship. was sent back to Africa to take the command in a
(dictatura, by which it is probable that he means the war against the Numidian tribes, whom he coII1chief military command, rather than the office of pletely defeated and reduced to submission. (Diod.
suffete), and four times obtained the honours of a Exe. Hoesch. xxv. 2. p. 510). At what time he
triumph, an institution which is not mentioned on returned to Spain we know not, but we find him
any other occasion as existing at Carthage. But there in B. c. 229, when, after the death of Hamilthe only wars in which Justin speaks of nim as car, he hastened to collect together his scattered
engaged, are one against the Africans, which ap- forces, and was soon after nominated by the governpears to have been on the whole unsuccessful, and ment of Carthage to succeed him as commander-inone in Sardinia, in which Hasdrubal himself chief. Hasdrubal does not appear to have been
perished. (Just. xix. 1.) He left three sons, Han- distinguished so much by his talents for war, as by
nibal, Hasdrubal, and Sappho, who are said to have his political management and dexterity, and espefollowed up their father's career of conquest, and cially his conciliating manners: and these qualities,
to have held, together with their cousins, the three as they had first gained him popularity at home,
sons of Hamilcar, the chief direction of all affairs were now also of the utmost service in conciliating
at Carthage; but their particular actions are not the minds of the Spaniards, and gaining them over
specified. (Id. xix. 2). The chronology of this to the Carthaginian alliance. Still more to increase
part of the Carthaginian history, as related by this disposition, he married the daughter of one of
Justin, is extremely uncertain. the Spanish chieftains. (Diod. 1.c p. 511.) At
2. A son of the preceding, of whom nothing the same time, by the foundation of the city of
more is known. (Just. I. c.) New Carthage, in a situation admirably chosen, on
3. One of the commanders of the great Cartha- account of its excellent port and easy communicaginian army which was defeated by Timoleon at tion with Africa, as well as from its proximity to
the river Crimissus, in B. C. 339. [TIMOLEON]. the silver mines of Spain, he contributed greatly to
Plutarch, the only author who mentions the names the consolidation of the Carthaginian empire in
of the Carthaginian generals, on this occasion that country. Meanwhile he carried on warlike
(Timol. 25) does not tell us what became of them. operations against the more distant and hostile
4. A Carthaginian general in the first Punic tribes; and these enterprizes, the conduct of which
war, called by Polybius son of Hanno. He is first he entrusted to the young Hannibal, are said to
mentioned as one of the two generals appointed to have been almost uniformly successful. By these
take the field against Regulus in B. C. 256, and means he had already extended the dominion of
who, by their injudicious management, brought Carthage over a great part of the peninsula, when
Carthage to the brink of ruin. (Polyb. i. 30-31.) he was assassinated by a slave, whose master he
Though the virtual command of the army was had put to death (B.c. 221). He had held the