A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

352 -HARPALUS. HARPOCRATION.
in India, he gave himself up to the most extrava- rior designs we know not; but soon after his
gant luxury and profusion, squandering the trea- arrival in that island he was assassinated by Thimsures entrusted to him, at the same time that he bron, one of his own officers; or, according to
alienated the people subject to his rule, by his another account, by a Macedonian named Pausalustful excesses and extortions. Not content with nias. (Diod. xvii. 108; Paus. ii. 33. ~ 4; Arr.
compelling the native women to minister to his ap. Phot. p. 70 a; Plut. Dem. 25; P/hoc. 21, Vit.
pleasures, he sent to Athens for a celebrated X. Oratt. p.. 363, 364, ed. Reiske; Curt. x. 2.)
courtesan named Pythionice, whom he received with Plutarch tells us (Alex. 35) that Harpalus, during
the most extravagant honours, and to whom, after his residence at Babylon, endeavoured to introduce
her death, he erected two costly monuments, one there the most valuable of the plants and shrubs,
at Babylon, the other at Athens, where it is men- natives of Greece-perhaps the first instance on
tioned by Pausanias as one of the most splendid in record of an attempt at exotic gardening.
all Greece. (Paus. i. 37. ~ 5.) Pythionice was 2. The chief of the ambassadors sent by Perseus
succeeded by Glycera, to whom he compelled all to Rome in B.c. 172, to answer the complaints of
those subject to his authority to pay honours that Eumenes, king of Pergamus. Harpalus gave great
were usually reserved for a queen. The indigna- offence to the Romans by the haughty and vehetion of Greeks, as well as barbarians, was now ment tone that he assumed, and exasperated the
loud against Harpalus: amongbothers, Theopompus irritation already existing against Perseus. (Liv.
the historian wrote a letter of complaint to Alex- xlii. 14, 15; Appian, Maced. 9. ~ 2.) [E.H.B.]
ander, some extracts from which are still preserved. HA'RPALUS is mentioned by Censorinus (c.
(Athen. xiii. pp. 586, 594, 596; Diod. xvii. 108.) 18), and alluded to by Festus Avienus, as having
lHarpalus had probably thought that Alexander either introduced an octa'teris, or altered the mode
would never return from the remote regions of the of intercalation practised in that of Cleostratus.
East into which he had penetrated; but when he [CLEOSTRATUS.] It is also mentioned that he inat length learnt that the king was on his march troduced an fleccaedecateris, or cycle of sixteen
back to Susa, and had visited with unsparing rigour years. But how far either was adopted is not
those of his officers who had been guilty of any very clear, and it would not be worth while to give.
excesses during his absence, he at once saw that a special account of one of the obscure points of the
his only resource was in flight. Collecting together Antemetonic calendar. (Plin. H. N. xvi. 34. s. 32;
all the treasures which he could, amounting to a Weidler, Hist. Astron.; Dodwell, de V7eteribus
sum of 5000 talents, and assembling a body of Cyclis, dissert. iii. ~ 30-32.) [A. DE M.]
6000 mercenaries, he hastened to the coast of Asia, HARPALYCE ('Ap7raAv'K7). 1. A daughter
and from thence crossed over to Attica. He had of Harpalycus, king of the Amymnaeans in Thrace.
previously sent to Athens a magnificent present of As she lost her mother in her infancy, she was
corn, in return for which he had received the right brought up by her father with the milk of cows.
of citizenship (Athen. xiii. pp. 586, 596); and he and mares, and was trained in all manly exercises.
probably reckoned on a favourable reception in that After the death of her father, whom she had once
city; but the Athenians refused to allow him to delivered from the hand of the Myrmidones, she
land, and he, in consequence, repaired to Taenarus, spent her time in the forests as a robber, being so
where he left his mercenaries, and himself returned swift in running that horses were unable to over-.
to Athens. Being now admitted within the city, take her. At length, however, she was caught in
he employed the treasures that he had brought a snare by shepherds, who killed her. (Serv. ad
with him in the most unsparing manner, in order Virg. Aen. i. 321; Hygin. Fab. 193.)
to gain over the orators and public men at Athens, 2. A maiden who died because her love of Iphiand indifte the people to undertake the support of clus was not returned. In commemoration of her
his cause against Alexander and his vicegerent, fate, a contest in songs (,o73s dcydv) was celebrated
Antipater. Among those whom he thus corrupted by maidens. (Aristoxenus, ap. At/en. xiv. p. 619.)
are said to have been Demades, Charicles, the son- For a third personage of this name, see CLYin-law of Phocion, and even, as is well known. MENUS, No. 2. [L. S.]
Demosthenes himself. Into the various questions HARPINNA ('Aprlvva), a daughter of Asopus,
connected with the conduct of these statesmen, from whom the town of Harpina or Harpinna in
and especially the last (see DEBIOSTHENES, and Elis was believed to have derived its name.
Thirlwall's Greece, vol. vii. pp. 153-161), it is (Pans. vi. 21. ~ 6.) She became by Ares the
impossible here to enter: but it should be men- mother of Oenomaus. (v. 22. ~ 5.) [L. S.]
tioned that, after the death of Harpalus, one of his HA'RPOCRAS ('AproKpay), an iatralipta, who
slaves, who had acted as his steward in the ad- attended the younger Pliny, with great care and
ministration of his treasures, having fallen into the assiduity, about the beginning of the second cenpower of Philoxenus, the Macedonian governor of tury after Christ. He was originally a slave, was
Caria, gave a list of all those persons at Athens afterwards manumitted, and lastly, at the especial
who had received any sums of money from Har- request of Pliny, presented by the emperor Trajan
palus, and in this list the name of Demosthenes with the freedom of the cities of Rome and Alexdid not appear. (Paus. ii. 33. ~ 4.) But to what- andria. (Plin. Ep. x. 5, 6.) He is not the same
-ever extent Harpalus may have succeeded in bribing person whose prescriptions are several times quoted,individuals, he failed in his general object, for by Andromachus (ap. Galen. De Compos. MleAntipater, having demanded his surrender from the dicam. sec. Gen. vol. xiii. pp. 729, 838, 841, 978),
Athenians, it was resolved to place him in confine- and who must have lived about a hundred years
ment until the Macedonians should send for him. earlier. [W. A. G.]
He, however, succeeded in making his escape from HARPOCRATES. [HoRUs.]
prison, and rejoined his troops at Taenarus, from HARPOCRA'TION ('AproKpcTlowv). 1. Of
whence he transported his mercenary force and the Argos, a Platonic philosopher and a friend of J.
remainder of his treasures to Crete, with what ulte- Caesar. He wrote a Commentary on Plato in