A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

350 HARMODIUS. HIARMONIA.
geiton had educated Harmodins, and was as pp. 462, 466.) Their tombs are mentioned' b~
proud of him as he was fond, while he looked with Pausanias (i. 29) as situated on the road from the
jealousy on Hipparchus, who was ambitious, it city to the Academy. Their statues, made of
seems, of the same distinction as an attracter of bronze by Antenor, were set up in the Agora in
the love and confidence of the young. A youth, the inner Cerameicus, near the temple of Ares, in
who was beloved by Harmodius, and had been ac- B. C. 509, the year after the expulsion of Hippias;
customed to look up to him and Aristogeiton as and this, according to Aristotle and Pliny, was the
patterns of wisdom, became acquainted with Hip- first instance of such an honour publicly conferred
parchus, and transferred to him his affection and at Athens, Conon being the next, as Demosthenes
admiration; and this circumstance excited the tells us, who had a bronze statue raised to him.
anger of the two friends, and urged them to the When Xerxes took the city, he carried these stamurder. They communicated their plot to a few tues away, and new ones, the work of CRITIAS,
only, in order to lessen the chance of discovery, were erected in B. C. 477. The original statues
but they hoped that many would join them in the were afterwards sent back to the Athenians from
hour of action. The occasion they selected for Susa, according to Pausanias by Antiochus, actheir enterprise was the festival of the great Pana- cording to Valerius Maximus by Seleucus, but, as
thenaea and the day of the solemn procession of we may believe, on the testimony of Arrian and
armed citizens from the outer Cerameicus to the Pliny, by Alexander the Great. We learn, finally,
temple of Athena Polias,-the only day, in fact, from Diodorus, that when the Athenians were
on which they could appear in arms without ex- anxious to pay the highest honours in their power
citing suspicion. When theappointed time arrived, to Antigonus and Demetrius Poliorcetes, in B. c.
the two chief conspirators observed one of their ac- 307, they placed their statues near those of Harcomplices in conversation with Hippias, who was modius and Aristogeiton. (Paus. i. 8; Aristot.
standing in the Cerameicus and arranging the order RAet. i. 9. ~ 38; Dem. c. Lept. p. 478; Plin. H. tN.
of the procession. Believing, therefore, that they xxxiv. 4, 8; Val. Max. ii. 10. Ext. 1; Arr. Anab.
were betrayed, and wishing to wreak their ven- iii. 16, vii. 19; Diod. xx. 46.) [E. E.]
geance before they were apprehended, they rushed HARMO'NIA ('Ap/povia), a daughter of Ares
back into the city with their daggers hid in the and Aphrodite, or, according to others, of Zeus and
myrtle-boughs which they.were to have borne in Electra, the daughter of Atlas, in Samothrace.
the procession, and slew Hipparchus near the When Athena assigned to Cadmus the government
Leocorium. Harmodius was immediately cut down of Thebes, Zeus gave him Hannonia for his wife,
by the guards. Aristogeiton at first escaped, but and all the gods of Olympus were present at the
was afterwards taken, and, according to the tes- marriage. Cadmus on that day made her a present
timony of Polyaenus, Justin, and Seneca, which is of a peplus and a necklace, which he had received
confirmed by the language of Thucydides, was put either from Hephaestus or from Europa. (Apollod.
to the torture. He named as his accomplices the iii. 4. ~ 2.) Other traditions stated that Harmonia
principal friends of Hippias, who were executed received this necklace (o3p!os) from some of the
accordingly, and being then asked if he had any gods, either from Aphrodite or Athena. (Diod. iv.
more names of conspirators to give, he answered 48, v. 49; Pind. Pyth. iii. 167; Stat. Theb. ii.
that there was no one besides, whose death he 266; comp. Hes. Theog. 934; Hom. Hymn. in
desired, except the tyrant. According to another Apoll. 195.) Those who described Harmonia as a
account, he pretended, while under the torture, Samothracian related that Cadmus, on his voyage
that he had some communication, to make to to Samothrace, after being initiated in the mysHippias, and when the latter approached him, he teries, perceived Harmonia, and carried her off
seized one of his ears with his teeth, and bit it off. with the assistance of Athena. When Cadmus
(Herod. v. 55, 56, vi. 109, 123; Thuc. i. 20, vi. was obliged to quit Thebes, Harmonia accompanied
54-57; Pseudo-Plat. Hipparch. p. 229; Plat. him. When they came to the Encheleans, they
Symp. p. 182; Arist. Polit. v. 10, ed. Bekk., assisted them in their war against the Illyrians,
Rhet. ii. 24. ~ 5; Schol. ad Arist. Ach. 942; and conquered the enemy. Cadmus then becamo
Aelian, V. H. xi. 8; Perizon. ad loo.; Polyaen. i. king of the Illyrians, but afterwards he and Har22; Justin. ii. 9 Seneca, de Ira, ii. 23; Diog. monia were metamorphosed into dragons and transLaert. ix. 26). [LEAENA.] ferred to Elysium; or, according to others, they
Four years after this Hippias was expelled, and were carried thither in a chariot drawn by dragons.
thenceforth the policy and spirit of party combined (Apollod. iii. 5. ~ 4; Eurip. Baccl. 123.3; Ov.
with popular feeling to attach to Harmodius and Met. iv. 562, &c.) Harmonia is renowned in
Aristogeiton among the Athenians of all succeeding ancient story chiefly on account of the fatal neckgenerations the character of patriots, deliverers, lace she received on her wedding day. Polyneices,
and martyrs,-names often abused indeed, but who inherited it, gave it to Eriphyle, that she might
seldom more grossly than in the present case. persuade her husband, Amphiaraus, to undertake the
Their deed of murderous vengeance formed a fa- expedition against Thebes. (Apollod. iii. 6. ~ 2;
vourite subject of drinking-songs, of which the Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. iii. 167.) Through Alcmaeon,
most famous and popular is preserved in full by the son of Eriphyle, the necklace came into the hands
Athenaeus. To be born of their blood was es- of Arsino6, next into those of the sons of Phegeus,
teemed among the highest of honours, and their Pronous and Agenor, and lastly into those of the
descendants enjoyed an immunity from public bur- sons of Alcmaeon, Amphoterus and Acarnan, who
dens, of which even the law of Leptines (B. C. dedicated it in the temple of Athena Pronoea at
355) did not propose to deprive them. (Aesch. c. Delphi. (Apollod. iii. 7. ~~ 5-7.) The necklace
Timarch. ~~ 132, 140; Athen. xv. p. 695; Aristoph. had wrought mischief to all who had been in posAch/. 942, 1058, Lysistr. 632, Vesp. 1225, Eq. 783; session of it, and it continued to 4o so even after;Aristot. Rh/et. ii. 23. ~ 8; Suid. s. vv.'Ayopdao, it was dedicated at Delphi. Phayllus, the tyrant,.EY pSproV KAd09, IIDpoivos, -operdw; Dem. c. Lept. stole it from the temple to gratify his mistress, the