A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

;346 HANNO. HANNO.:populace of th'e city became discontented; but the calls him the most distinguished member of the
Carthaginian governors contrived to send tidings of embassy. (Appian, Pun. 82.) His name is written
their distress to Hannibal, who hastened to their in many of the MSS. Bdvvwu, which has been correlief out of Lucania. But though Hanno and rupted into BAcvvwv in the extracts from Diodorus
Bostar seconded his efforts, by a vigorous sally from Siculus (Fragm. Urs. p. 627), and by Suidas
the city against the Roman camp, while Hannibal into BAdvowv.
attacked it from without, all their exertions were 25. Surnamed the White (As6vIos), an officer
in vain; and the daring march of'Hannibal upon under the command of Himilco Phamacas in the
Rome itself having proved equally ineffectual in third Punic war, who, when that general went over
compelling the consuls to dislodge their troops from to the Romans, prevented a part of his army from
before Capua, the fall of that city became inevitable. following his example. (Appian, Pun. 108.)
Under these circumstances, the Campanians en- 26. A Carthaginian of uncertain date, of whom
deavoured to purchase forgiveness, by surrender- a foolish story is told by Aelian ( V. H. xiv. 30),
ing into the hands of the Romans the. Carthaginian that he taught a number of birds to repeat the
garrison, with its two commanders, B. C. 211. (Liv. words "Hanno is a god," and then let them loose;
xxv. 15, xxvi. 5, 12; Appian, Annib. 36-43.) but the birds forgot their lesson as soon as they
Appian (1. c.) carefully distinguishes this Hanno had regained their liberty. This anecdote is sup'
from the son of Bomilcar [No. 16], with whom lie posed by Bochart and Perizonius (Ad Ael. 1.c.) to
might have been easily confounded: the latter is refer to Hanno the navigator, but certainly without
distinctly mentioned as commanding in Lucania foundation. It seems more probable that it may
after the siege-of Capua had commenced. be the same who is mentioned by Pliny (H. N.
20. A Carthaginian general, who was sent in viii. 21), and by Plutarch (De Praec. Polit. vol. ix.
B. c. 208 to succeed Hasdrubal, the son of Barca, in p. 191, ed. Reisk.), as having been condemned to
Spain, when that general crossed the Pyrenees, on banishment because he had succeeded in taming a
his march to Italy. Hanno united his forces with lion.
those of'Mago in Celtiberia, and the two armies 27. There is a Hanno mentioned by Dion
were encamped- near each other, when they were Chrysostom (vol. i. p. 522, ed. Reiske) in terms
attacked by Scipio's lieutenant, Silanus, and totally which would seem to imply that he was one of the
routed. Hanno fell into the hands of the enemy, first founders of the Carthaginian greatness, but the
and was sent by Scipio as a prisoner to Rome. passage is so vague and declamatory that it would
(Liv. xxviii. 1, 2, 4.) be unsafe to found on it any historical inference.:'21. An officer under Mago in Spain. When 28. Another Hanno is incidentally mentioned as
Mago, after the great defeat sustained by Hasdru- a contemporary of Anacharsis, the Scythian philobal Gisco and himself, in 206, took refuge at Gades, sopher, who addressed a letter to him which is
he employed Hanno in levying mercenaries among preserved by Cicero. (Tusc. Qu. v. 22.) [E. H. B.]
the neighbouring Spanish tribes; the latter had HANNO ("Avvwv), a Carthaginian navigator,
succeeded in assembling a considerable force, when under whose name we possess a 7rep[rhovs, or a
he was attacked and defeated by L. Marcius. He short account of a voyage round a part of Libya.
himself escaped from the field of battle with a small The work was originally written in the Punic
body of troops, but was soon after given up by his language, and what has come down to us is a
own followers to the Roman general. (Liv. xxviii. Greek translation of the original. The work is
23, 30; Appian, Hsp. 31.) often referred to by the ancients, but we have no
* 22. A Carthaginian youth, of noble birth, who statement containing any direct information by
was sent out, with a body of 500 horse, to recon- means of which we might identify its author,
noitre the army of Scipio, when that general first Hanno, with any of the many other Carthaginians
landed in Africa, B. c. 204. Having approached of that name, or fix the time at which he lived.
too near the Roman camp he was attacked by their Pliny (H. N. ii. 67, v. 1, 36) states that Hanno
cavalry, and cut to pieces, together with his de- undertook the voyage at the time when Carthage
tachment. (Liv. xxix. 29.) was in a most flourishing condition. (Punicis rebus
23. Another officer of the same name shared the fiorentissimis, Carthaginis potentiafoarente.) Some
same fate shortly after, being led into a snare by call him king, and others dux or inzperator of the
Masinissa, and cut off, with above 1000 of-his men. Carthaginians, from which we may infer that he
Livy, however, informs us that authors were not was invested with the office of suffetes. (Solin.
agreed whether there were two Hannos thus cut 56; Hanno, Peripl. Introd.) In the little Peoff in succession, or only one; and that some riplus itself Hanno says that he was sent out
writers represented him to have been taken pri- by his countrymen to undertake a voyage beyond
soner, and:not killed. (Liv. xxix. 34, 35.) The the Pillars of Hercules, and to found Libyphoenician
last version of this history is that followed by Ap- towns, and that he sailed accordingly with sixty
pian (Pun. 14) and by Zonaras (ix. 12), who state pentecontores, and a body of men and women, to
that he was immediately afterwards set at liberty, the number of 30,000, and provisions and other
in exchange for the mother of Masinissa. Accord- necessaries. On his return from his voyage, he
ing to Zonaras he was the son of Hasdrubal Gisco; dedicated an account of it, inscribed on a tablet, in
Livy, on the contrary, calls him son of Hamilcar- the temple of Cronos, or, as Pliny says, in that of
what Hamilcar we know not, but certainly not the Juno. (Comp. Pomp. Mela, iii. 9; Marc. Heracl.
great Barca. (Comp. Eutrop. iii. 20; Oros. iv. Epit. Artemid. et i1ienip.; Athen. iii. 83.) It is
18.) therefore presumed that our periplus is a Greek
24. Surnamed Gillas, or Tigillas (riAhas, or To- version of the contents of that Punic tablet.
ythhaas), one of the ambassadors sent from Carthage These vague accounts, leaving open the widest
to the consul Censorinus just before the beginning field for conjecture and speculation, have led some
of the third Punic war, B.c. 149. Appian, who critics to place the expedition as early-as the
puts a long speech into his mouth on this occasion, Trojan war or the time of Hesiod, while others