A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

' HANN~O. HANNO. 345
s)his expedition to Italy.'According to' Appian f6rce, into' Bruttium. Not long after' his return
(Annib. 20) he was a nephew of that great general; thither, he was able in some degree to compensate
but a consideration of the ages of Hannibal and his late disaster by the important acquisition of
tHamilcar, as well as the silence of Polybius, renders Thurii. (Liv. xxv. 13 —15; Appian, Annib. 34.)
this statement improbable.. He was, however, a From this time we in great measure lose sight
man of high rank, his father having been one of of Hanno; though it is probable that it is still the
the kings or suffetes of Carthage. (Polyb. iii. 42.) same whom we find in command at Metapontum,
His name is first mentioned at the passage of the in 207, and whib was sent by Hannibal from thence
Rhone, on which occasion he was detached by into Bruttiumn, to raise a fresh army. (Liv. xxvii.
Hannibal to cross that river higher up than the 42.) As we hear no more of his actions in Italy,
spot where the main army was to effect its passage. and the Hanno who was appointed in 203 B. C., to
This Hanno successfully performed, and, descend- succeed Hasdrubal Gisco in the command in Africa,
ing the left bank of the river, fell upon the flank is expressly called by Appian son of Bomilcar, there
and rear of the Gauls, who were engaged in ob- can be little doubt that it was the same as the
structing the passage of Hannibal, and utterly subject of the present article, though we have no
routed them, so that the rest of the army was en- account of his return to Africa. It was after. the
abled to cross the river without opposition. (Polyb. final defeat of Hasdrubal and Syphax by Scipio,
iii. 42, 43; Liv. xxi. 27, 28.) We meet with no that Hanno assumed the command; and, in" the
farther account of his services until the battle of state of affairs which he then found, it is no reCannae (B. C. 216), on which memorable day he proach to him that he effected little. He joined
commanded the' right wing of the Carthaginian with Hasdrubal, although then an outlaw, in a plot
army. (Polyb. iii. 114; Appian, Annib. 20, says for setting fire to the camp of Scipio, but the prothe left.) After that great victory, he was detached ject was discovered, and thereby prevented; and he
by Hannibal with a separate force into Lucania, in was repulsed in an attack upon the camp of Scipio
order to support the revolt of that province. Here before Utica. After this he appears to have rehe was opposed' in the following year (215) by a mained quiet, awaiting the return of Hannibal from
Roman army under Ti. Sempronius Longus, who Italy: on the arrival of that general he was dedefeated him in an action at Grumentum, in con- posed from his command, the sole direction of all
sequence of which he was compelled to withdraw military affairs being confided to Hannibal. (Apinto Bruttium. Before the close of the summer he pian, Pun. 24, 29, 30, 31; Zonar. ix. 12, 13.)
was joined by Bomilcar with the reinforcements 17. A Carthaginian of noble birth, said by Livy
that had been sent from Carthage to Hannibal, and to have been the chief instigator of the revolt in
which he conducted in safety to that general in his Sardinia under Hampsicora during the second
camp before Nola. When Hannibal, after his un- Punic war. He was taken prisoner, together with
successful attempts to reduce Nola, at length with- the Carthaginian general, Hasdrubal, in the decisive
drew, to take up his winter-quarters in Apulia, he action which put an end to the war in that island,
sent Hanno to resume the command in Bruttium, B. C. 215. (Liv. xxiii. 41.)
with the same force as before. The Bruttians them- 18. A general sent from Carthage to carry on the
selves had all declared in favour of Carthage, but, war in Sicily after the fall of Syracuse, B. c. 211.
of the Greek cities in that province, Locri alone He established his head-quarters at Agrigentum,
had as yet followed their example. Hanno now where he was associated with Epicydes and Muadded the important conquest of Crotona. Having tines. But his jealousy of the successes obtained
thus effectually established his footing in this coun- by the latter led to the most unfortunate results.
try, he was able to resume offensive operations, and He took the opportunity of a temporary absence of
was advancing (early in the summer of 214) to Mutines to give battle to Marcellus; but the Nusupport Hannibal in Campania, with an army of midian cavalry refused to fight in the absence of
about 1 8,000 men (chiefly Bruttians and Lucanians), their leader, and the consequence was, that Hanno
when he was met near Beneventum by the praetor, was defeated, with heavy loss. Marcellus, howTib. Gracchus, and, after an obstinate combat, suf- ever, did not form the siege of Agrigentum, and
fered a complete defeat. Yet we are told that he soon Hanno thus remained master of that city, while
after gained in his turn a considerable advantage Mutines, with his indefatigable cavalry, gave him
over Gracchus, notwithstanding which, he thought the command of all the neighbouring country. But
fit to retreat once more into Bruttium. (Liv. xxiii. his jealousy of that leader still continuing, he was
37, 41, 43, 46, xxiv. l-3, 14-16, 20; Zonar. at length induced to take the imprudent step of
ix. 4.) Here he was opposed the following summer depriving him of his command. Mutines hereupon(213) by an irregular force, collected together by'made overtures to the Roman general Laevinus,
one L. Pomponius, which he utterly routed and and betrayed the city of Agrigentum into his.
dispersed. (Liv. xxv. 1.) The next year (212) hands, Hanno and Epicydes with difficulty making
he was ordered by Halnibal to advance with a their escape by sea to Carthage. This blow put a
convoy of stores and provisions, for the supply of final termination to the war in Sicily, a. c. 210.
Capua, which the Romans were threatening to be- (Liv. xxv. 40, 41, xxvi. 40; Zonar. ix. 7.)
siege. The service was a delicate one, forboth the 19. An: officer who was sent by Hannibal, in.
Roman consuls were in Samnium with their re- 212 B. C., with a force of 1000 horse and 1000 foot,
spective armies, notwithstanding which Hanno to the defence of Capua, when the Romans began
conducted his iorce in safety to the neighbourhood to threaten: that city. According to Livy, Bostar
of Beneventum, but the negligence of the Capuans, was associated with him in the command. Though
in not providing means of transport, caused so they made several vigorous sallies, in which their
much delay, that the Romans had time to come up, cavalry were often victorious, yet they were unable
and not only seized the greater part of the stores, but to prevent the Romans from completing their forstormed and plundered the camp of Hanno, who tified lines around the city, which was thus entirely
himself made his escape, with the remains of his blockaded. Famine soon made itself felt, and the,