A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

344 HANNO.!HANNO.
some part of the arrears to which they were justly the mouth of Hanno a long declamatory harangue
entitled. The personal unpopularity of the envoy against sending the young Hannibal to join Hasadded to the exasperation naturally produced by drubal in Spain, though he himself tells us elsesuch a request, and Hanno, after vain endeavours where that Hannibal had gone to Spain with his
to effect a negotiation through the inferior cor- father nine years before, and never returned to
manders, returned to Carthage. But when matters Carthage from that time until just after the battle
soon after came to an open rupture, and the mer- of Zama. (Liv. xxi. 3, compared with xxx. 35, 37.)
cenaries took up arms under Spendius and Matho, Still there can be no doubt of the truth of the gehe was appointed' to take the command of the neral fact that Hanno was the leader, or at least
army which was raised in all haste to oppose them. one of the leaders, of the party opposed to HanniHis previous wars against the Numidian and Afri- bal throughout the second Punic War. As one
can troops were, however, far from qualifying him of those desirous of peace with Rome, he is mento carry on a campaign against an army disciplined tioned as interposing to preserve the Roman amby Hamilcar; and though he at first defeated the bassadors from the fury of the Carthaginian popurebels under the walls of Utica, he soon after suf- lace in the year before the battle of Zama, B. C.
fered them to surprise his camp, and this proof of 551; and, after that defeat, he was one of those
his incapacity was followed by others as glaring. sent as ambassadors to Scipio to sue for peaceYet notwithstanding that these disasters cornm- (Appian, Pun. 34, 49.) After the close of the
pelled the Carthaginians to have recourse to Ha- war, he is mentioned, for the last time, as one of
milcar Barca, and that general took the field the leaders of the Roman party in the disputes
-against the rebels, it would appear that Hanno which were continually recurring between the Carwas not deprived of his command, in which we thaginians and Masinissa (Appian, lb. 68); but
find him soon after mentioned as associated with we have no information as to the period of his
Hamilcar. But the two generals could not be death.
brought to act together; and their dissensions The character of Hanno will be found drawn in
rose to such a height, and were productive of so a masterly manner by Sir W. Raleigh in his Hismuch mischief, that at length the Carthaginian go- tory of the World (book v. ch. i. sect. 11. p. 117,
vernment, finding it absolutely necessary to recal Oxf. edit.); though that writer has committed the
one of the two, left the choice to the soldiers them- mistake of'confounding him with the general deselves, who decided in favour of Hamilcar. Hanno feated at the Aegates [No. 11], an error into which
was in consequence displaced: but his successor, Arnold also appears to have fallen. (Hist. of Rome,
Hannibal, having been made prisoner and put to vol. ii. p. 619.) So far as we know concerning
death by the rebels, and Hamilcar compelled to him, we cannot but wonder at his bearing the title
raise the siege of Tunis, the government again of " the Great," an epithet which few characters in,interposed, and by the most strenuous exertions history would appear less to deserve.
-effected a formal reconciliation between the two 1 3. An officer sent by the Carthaginians to Sarrivals. Hanno and Hamilcar again assumed the dinia in B. c. 239 to reduce the mercenaries there,
joint command, and soon after defeated the rebel who had followed the example of those in Africa,
army in a decisive battle. The reduction of mutinied, and put to death their commander, Bos_Utica and Hippo, of which the one was taken by tar. But no sooner did Hanno arrive in the island
Hamilcar, the other by Hanno, now completed the than his own troops declared in favour of the
subjection of Africa. (Polyb. i. 74, 81, 82, 87, 88.) rebels, by whom he was taken prisoner and immeIf we may trust the statement of Appian (Hisp. 4, diately crucified. (Polyb. i. 79.)
5), Hanno was again employed, together with Ha- 14. One of ten ambassadors sent by the Cartha-.milcar, in another expedition against the Nu- ginians to Rome in B.C. 235 to avert the war
midians and more western tribes of Africa, after the which the Romans had threatened to declare in
close of the war of the mercenaries; but was re- consequence of the alleged support given to the
called from his command to answer some charges revolt in Sardinia. Hanno is said to have effected,
brought against him by his enemies at home. by the bold and frank tone which he assumed,
From this time forward he appears to have taken what all the previous embassies had failed to acno active part in any of the foreign wars or enter- complish, and obtained a renewal of the peace on
prises of Carthage. But his influence in her equitable terms. (Dion Cass. Exec. 150; Oros. iv.
councils at home was great, and that influence 12.) From the terms in which he is mentioned
was uniformly exerted against Hamilcar Barca and by Dion Cassius and Orosius ('Avwv rts —minimus,his family, and against that democratic party in homo inter legatos), he can hardly have been the
the state by whose assistance they maintained same with the preceding, which would at first aptheir power, On all occasions, from the landing pear not improbable.
of Barca in Spain till the return of Hannibal from 15. A Carthaginian officer left in Spain by
Italy, a period of above thirty-five years, Hanno is Hannibal when that general crossed the Pyrenees,
represented as thwarting the measures of that able B. c. 218. An army of 10,000 foot and 1000
and powerful family, and taking the lead in oppo- horse was placed under his orders, with which he
sition to the war with Rome, the great object to was to guard the newly-conquered province between
which all their efforts were directed. (Liv. xxi. 3, the Iberus and the Pyrenees. On the arrival of
10, 11, xxiii. 12, 13; Val. Max. vii. 2, ext. ~ 1 3; Cn. Scipio with a Roman army at Emporia, Hanno,
Zonar. viii. 22.) It is indeed uncertain how far alarmed at the rapid spread of disaffection throughwe are entitled to regard the accounts given by out his province, hastened to engage the Roman
Livy of his conduct on these occasions as historical: general, but was totally defeated, the greater part
it is not very probable that the Romans were well of his army cut to pieces, and he himself taken.acquainted with what passed in the councils of prisoner. (Polyb. iii. 35, 76; Liv. xxi. 23, 60.)
their enemies, and on one occasion the whole nar- 16. Son of Bomilcar, one of the most distinrative is palpably a fiction. For Livy puts into guished officers in the service of Hannibal during
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