A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

'HANN. HANNO.'343
tempted to pass into Sicily. His first attempt was' Roman generals; but failing in this, he sailed
easily baffled, and some of his ships fell into the away at once, with the ships that still remained to
hands of Hanno, who sent them back to him with him, to Carthage. (Dion Cass. Ece. Vat. 63; Zoa friendly message; but, on receiving a haughty nar. viii. 12; Val. Max. vi. 6. ~ 2.) His name
answer, he declared that he would not suffer the is not mentioned in the subsequent operations; but
Romans even to wash their hands in the sea. Never- as two generals of the name of Hanno are spoken
theless, Claudius eluded his vigilance, and landed at of as commanding the Carthaginian army which
Messana, where he held a conference with the was defeated at Clupea in 255 by the consuls
Mamertines, in which Hanno having been incau- Aemilius Paullus and Fulvius Nobilior (Oros.
tiously induced to take a part, was treacherously iv. 9), it is not impossible that he was one of
seized by the Romans and detained a prisoner. In them.
order to procure his liberty, he consented to with- 9. Son of Hamilcar, one of the three ambassadors
draw the garrison from the citadel, and surrender sent by the Carthaginians to Regulus, to sue for
it to the Romans; a concession, for which, on his peace, after the defeat of their armies near Adis.
return to Carthage, the council of elders condemned (Diod. Ewc. Vat. xxiii. 4.)
him to be crucified. (Dion Cass. Fr. Vat. 59, 60; 10. A Hanno is mentioned both by Zonaras
Zonar. viii. 8, 9; Polyb. i. 11.) (viii. 12) and Orosius (iv. 7) as commanding in
8. Son of Hannibal, was sent to Sicily by the Sardinia during the first Punic war. Orosius
Carthaginians with a large force immediately after states that he succeeded Hannibal (the son of
the events just related. Alarmed at the support Gisco), but was defeated and killed by L. Scipio,
given to the Mamertines by the Romans, he con- probably in B. c. 259. The same story is told by
eluded an alliance with Hieron, and they has- Valerius Maximus (v. 1. ext. 2).
tened to besiege Messana with their combined 11. Commander of the Carthaginian fleet, which
forces (B. C. 264). Hieron encamped on the south was defeated by Lutatius Catulus off the Aegates,
side of the town, while Hanno established his army B. c. 241. There are no means of determining
on the north, and his fleet lay at Cape Pelorus. whether he may not be the same with some one of
Yet he was unable to prevent the passage of the those already mentioned; but it'is certainly a misRoman army, and the consul, Appius Claudius, take to confound him with the following [No. 12],
landed at Messana with a force of 20,000 men, which has been done by several authors. The
with which he first attacked and defeated Hieron, particulars of the action off the Aegates are so
and then turned his arms against the Carthagi- fully given under'the article CATULUS [No. 1],
nians. Their camp was in so strong a position, that it is unnecessary to repeat them here. Acthat they at first repulsed the Romans, but cording to Zonaras (viii. 17), Hanno himself,
were afterwards defeated, and compelled to retire with those ships which escaped destruction, fled
towards the west of Sicily, leaving the open directly to Carthage, where he met with the same
country at the mercy of the enemy. (Diod. Exc. fate that so often awaited their unsuccessful geIloeschel. xxiii. 2; Polyb. i. 11, 12, 15; Zonar. nerals at the hands of the Carthaginians, and was
viii. 9.) crucified by order of the senate.
It seems probable that this Hanno is the same as 12. Surnamed the Great (d Myas, Appian,
is styled by Diodorus "the elder" (d 7rpec~v'Epos), Hisp. 4, Pun. 34, 49) apparently for his sucwhen he is next mentioned, in the third year of the cesses in Africa, was during many years the leader
war (Diod. Ece. Hoeschel. xxiii. 8): of this, how- of the aristocratic party at Carthage, and, as such,
ever, there is no proof. Hannibal, the other Cartha- the chief adversary of Harnilcar Barca and his
ginian general in Sicily, was at that time shut up sons. He is first mentioned as holding a command
in Agrigentum, where he had been besieged, or in Africa during the first Punic war, at which time
rather blockaded, by the.Romans more than five he must have been quite a young man. We know
months, and was now beginning to suffer from very little of his proceedings there, except that he
want of provisions, when Hanno was ordered to took Hecatompylus, a city said to have been both
raise the siege. For this purpose he assembled at great and wealthy, but the situation of which is
Lilybaeum an army of 50,000 men, 6000 horse, totally unknown. (Diod. Exc. Vales, xxiv. p. 565;
and 60 elephants, with which formidable force he Polyb. i. 73.) Nor do we know against what
advanced to Heraclea; but though he made him- nations of Africa his arms were directed, or what
self master of Erbessus, where' the Romans had was the occasion of the war, though it seems proestablished their magazines, and thus reduced them bable that it arose out of the defection of the
*for a time to great difficulties; and though he at African cities from the Carthaginians during the'first obtained some advantages by means of his expedition of Regulus. Whatever may have been
Numidian cavalry, he was eventually defeated in a the occasion of it, it appears that Hanno obtained
"great battle, and compelled to abandon Agrigentum so much distinction by his exploits in this war as
to its fate, B. C. 262. (Polyb. i. 18, 19; Diod. to be regarded as a rival to his contemporary, Ha-.Ece. Hoesc7lel. xxiii. 8, 9; Zonar. viii. 10; Oros. milcar Barca. According to Polybius, the favour'iv. 7.) For this ill success Hanno was recalled with which Hanno was regarded by the govern-:by the Carthaginian senate, and compelled to ment at home was due in part to the harshness
pay a fine of 6000 pieces of gold (Diod. Exc. and severity he displayed towards their African
Hoeschel. xxiii. 9): he was succeeded by Hamilcar, subjects, and to the rigour with which he exactedbut six years afterwards (B. c. 256), we again find from these payment of the heavy taxes with which
-him associated with that general in the command they were loaded. (Polyb. i67, 72.) When the
of the Carthaginian fleet at the great battle of mercenaries that had been employed in Sicily, reEcnomus. (Polyb. i. 27; Oros. iv. 8.) After turned to Africa after the end of the first Punic
that decisive defeat, Hanno is said to have been war (B. c. 240), and were all assembled at Sicca,
sent by Hamilcar, who appears to have held the it was Hanno who was chosen to be the bearer to
chief command, to enter into negotiations with the them of the proposition that they should - abate
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