A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

24 EPAPHRODITUS. EPEIUS.
the noble mind of one like Epaminondas. We do example, on Homer's Iliad and Odyssey (Steph.
indeed find him rising above it, as, for instance, in Byz. s. v. AAowcv7; Etym. M. s. vv. adwpot, Kepahis preservation of Orchomenus; but this was in mAovia), an 4-ylats els "Ojvupoe Kcal lifvSapov
spite of the system under which he lived, and (Eudoc. p. 128), a commentary on Hesiod's " Shield
which, while it checked throughout the full expan- of Heracles," and on the Afrga of Callimachus,
sion of his character, sometimes (as in his vindica- which is frequently referred to by Stephanus of
tion of the outrage at Tegea) seduced him into Byzantium and the Scholiast on Aeschylus. He
positive injustice. At the best, amidst all our ad- is also mentioned several times in the Venetian
miration of his genius and his many splendid qua- Scholia on the Iliad. (Comp. Visconti, Iconograph.
lities, we cannot forget that they were directed, Grecq.. i. p. 266.) [L. S.]
after all, to the one petty object of the aggrandize- E'PAPHUS ("E7racpos), a son of Zeus and Io,
ment of Thebes. In the ordinary characters of who was born on the river Nile, after the long wanGrecian history we look for no more than this;- derings of his mother. He was then concealed by
it comes before us painfully in the case of Epami- the Curetes, by the request of Hera, but lo sought
nondas. (Ael. V. H. vii. 14; Cic. de Orat. iii. 34, and afterwards found him in Syria. Epaphus, who
de Fin. ii. 19, Brut. 13, Tusc. Disp. i. 2; Polyb. subsequently became king of Egypt, married Memvi. 43, ix. 8, xxxii. 8, Fraym. Hist. 15; C. Nep. phis, the daughter of Nilus, or according to others,
Efpam. 10; Aesch. de Fals. Leq. p. 42.) [E. E.] Cassiopeia, and built the city of Memphis. He
EPAPHRODI'TUS('EcraoppbL6'o s). 1. A freed- had one daughter Libya, from whom' Libya
man of Caesar Octavianus; he was sent by Octa- (Africa) received its name, and another bore the
vianus, together with C. Proculeius, to queen name of Lysianassa. (Apollod. ii. 1. ~~ 3, 4, 5.
Cleopatra to prepare her for her fate. The two ~ 11; Hygin. Fab. 145, 149, 275; comp. Herod.
emissaries, however, made the queen their prisoner, iii. 27, 28.) Another mythical being of this name
and kept her in strict custody, that she might not is mentioned by Hyginus. (Fab. init.) [L. S.]
make away with herself; but she nevertheless suc- E'PAPHUS, is called a vir peritissimus, and
ceeded in deceiving her gaolers. (Dion Cass. li. seems to have written a work on Delphi, of which
11, 13.)...... the seventeenth book is quoted. Servius (ad Aen.
2. A freedman and favourite of the emperor iii. 89) and Macrobius (Sat. iii. 6) both quote the
Nero, who employed him as his secretary. During same statement from his work. [L. S.]
the conspiracy which put an end to Nero's'rule, EPA'RCHIDES ('E7rapXl[8ls), is mentioned as
Epaphroditus accompanied his master in his flight, a writer by Athenaeus in two passages (i. p. 30, ii.
and when Nero attempted to kill himself, Epa- p. 61), both of which relate to Icarus, but it is
phroditus assisted him. For this service, however, impossible to conjecture the nature of the work
he had afterwards to pay with his own life, for of Eparchides. [L. S.]
Domitian first banished and afterwards ordered EPEIGEUS ('E7reyesv's), a Myrmidone and son
him to be put to death, because he had not exerted of Agacles, who having killed his father, was
himself to save the life of Nero. The philosopher obliged to flee from Budeion. He took refuge in
Epictetus was the freedman of this Epaphroditus; the house of Peleus who sent him with Achilles
but whether he is the same as the Epaphroditus to to Troy, where he was killed by Hector. (Hom.
whom Josephus dedicated his "Jewish Antiquities," Il. xvi. 570.) [L. S.]
and on whom he pronounces in his preface a high EPEIUS ('EireLds). 1. A son of Endymion.
eulogium for his love of literature and history, is [ENDYMION.]
very uncertain, and it is generally believed that 2. A son of Panopeus, called the artist, who
Josephus is speaking of one Epaphroditus who went with thirty ships from the Cyclades to Troy.
lived in the reign of Trajan and was a freedman (Dict. Cret. i. 17.) About the close of the Trojan
and procurator of this emperor. (Tac. Ann. xv. war, he built the wooden horse under the protec55; Sueton. Nero, 49, Domit. 14; Dion Cass. tion and with the assistance of Athena. (Od. viii.
lxiii. 27, 29, lxvii. 14; Arrian, Dissert. Epict. i. 492, xi. 523; II. xxiii. 664, &c., 840; Paus. ii.
26; Suidas, s. v.'ErhKqTcTOS; comp. the commen- 29. ~ 4.) According to Justin (xx. 2) the inhabtators on Josephus.) From all these persons of itants of Metapontum, which he was believed to
the name'of Epaphroditus, we must distinguish the have founded, shewed in a temple of Athena the
one whom the Apostle Paul mentions as his com- tools which he had used in constructing the horse.
panion.:(Plilipp. ii. 25, iv. 18.) [L. S.] In the Homeric poems he appears as a mighty and
EPAPHRODI'TUS, M. ME'TTIUS, of Chae- gallant warrior, whereas later traditions assign to
roneia, a Greek grammarian. lie was a disciple of him an inferior place among the heroes at Troy.
Archias of Alexandria, and became the slave and Stesichorus (ap. Eustath. ad Hornm. p. 1323; Athen.
afterwards the freedman of Modestus, the praefect x. p. 457) called him the water-bearer of the'Atof Egypt, whose son Pitelinus had been educated reidae, and as such he was represented in the temby Epaphroditus. After having obtained his ple of Apollo at Carthea., His cowardice, further,
liberty, he went to Rome, where he resided in the is said to have been so great, that it became proreign of Nero'and down to the time of Nerva, and verbial. (Hesych. s. v.) According to Virgil (Aen.
enjoyed a very high reputation for his learning. ii. 264), Epeius himself was one of the Greeks
Hlie was extremely fond' of books, and is said to concealed in the wooden horse, and another tradihave collected a library of 30,000 valuable books. tion makes him the founder of Pisa in Italy.
He died of dropsy at the age of seventy-five. (Serv. ad Aen. x. 179.) There were at Argos
Suidas (s. v.'E7rcappbvr7os), from whom this'ac- very ancient carved images of Hermes and Aphrocount is derived, does not specify any work of our dite, which were believed to be the works of Epeius
grammarian, but concludes his article by merely (Paus. ii. 19. ~ 6), and Plato (Ion, p. 533, a.)
saying that he left behind him many good works. mentions him as a sculptor along with DaedalusWe know, however, from other sources, the titles and Theodorus of Samos. Epeius himself was
of some grammatical works and commentaries: for. painted-by Polyvgotus in the Lesche of- Delphi in