A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

HADRIANUS..' HADRIANUJS. 323;
jnrispruiden'ce. It was at Hadrian's command that clamatio'ns were extant down to a very late period.
the jurist Salvius Julianus drew up the edictum' He further wrote the history of his own life, from
perpettium, which formed a fixed code of laws, which some statements are quoted by his biographer
Some of the laws promulgated'by Hadrian are of a Spartianus, and which was edited, by his freedman
truly humane character, and aimed at improving Phlegon. The Latin Anthology (Ep. 206-211,
the'public morality of the time. He divided Italy ed. Meyer) contains six epigrams by Hadrian, and
into four regions, placing each under a consular, six others in Greek are preserved in the Greek
who had the administration of justice. The fact Anthology, but none of them display any real
of his taking the titles of the'highest magistracies poetical genius; they are cold:and far-fetched.
in several towns:in Italy and the provinces may Our sources of information respecting the life
indeed have been: little: more than a form, but it and reign of Hadrian are very poor and scanty,
shows, at any rate, that he took a considerable for the two main authorities, Hadrian's own work,
interest in the internal affairs of those towns. and another by Marius Maximus, are lost, and, on
The proceedings of those persons who'were con- the whole, we are confined to Spartianus's Life of
nected with the administration of provinces were Hadrian and the abridgement of the 69th book of
watched with the strictest care, and any violation Dion Cassius, by Xiphilinus. (Comp. Eutrop. viii.
of justice was severely punished. While he thus 3; Aurel. Vict. de Caesar. 14; Zonar. xi. 23, &c.;
on the one hand benefited the provinces by punish- Tillemont, Hist. des Emp. vol. ii. p. 219, &c.;
ing and preventing oppression and' injustice, he'J. M. Flemmer,.de Itineribus etrebus gestis Hadri-.won the hearts of the provincials by his' liberality ani secundum numnorum et scriptorum Testimonia,
during his travels. There is scarcely one of the Havniae, 1836; C. Ch. Woog, de Eruditione Haplaces he visited which did not receive' some mark diiani, Lipsiae, 1769; Meyer, Fragyn. Orat. Roein
of his favour or liberality;' in many places he built p. 607,' &c. 2nd edit.; Niebuhr, Lect. on Ron.
aquaeducts, in others harbours or other public Hist. vol. ii. p. 265, &c. ed. Schmitz.) [L. S.]
buildings, either for use or ornament;'and the
people received large donations of grain or money,
or were honoured with distinctions and privileges.
But what has rendered his name more' illustrious -'
than any thing else are the numerous and magnificent architectural works which he planned and
commenced during his travels, especially at Athens,
in the southwest of which he built an entirely new
city, Adrianopolis. We cannot here enter into an
account of the numerous buildings he erected,, or of COIN OF DRIN.
the towns which he built or restored: suffice it to HADRIA'NUS, C. FA'BIUS, was legatus,
direct attention'to his villa at Tibur, which has praetor, or propraetor in the Roman province of
been a real mine of treasures of art, and his manso- Africa, about B. C. 87-84. His government was
leum at Rome, which forms the groundwork of the so oppressive to the Roman colonists and nlerchants
present castle St. Angelo. His taste in architecture,: at Utica, that they burnt him to death in his own
however, appears to have been very capricious, and praetorium. Notwithstanding the outrage to a
very different from the grandeur and simplicity of Roman'magistrate, no proceedings were taken at
earliertimes; in addition to this, he was tenacious Rome against the perpetrators of it. For besides
of the plans he had once -formed, and unable to his oppressions, Hadrianus was suspected of secretly
bear any opposition or contradiction.' The great instigating the' slaves at Utica to revolt, and of
architect, Apollodorus, had' to pay with'his life for aspiring, with' their aid, to make himself indepenthe presumption with which he ventured to censure dent of the republic, at that time fluctuating beone of Hadrian's works; for the emperor's ambition tween'the parties of Cinna and Sulla. (Cic. in
was to be thought a great architect, painter, and Jearr. i. 27,.v..36; Pseud. Ascon. in Verr. p. 179,
musician. Orelli; Diod. fr. vat. p. 138, ed. Dind.; Liv. Epit.
Hadrian was not only a'patron and practical 86; Val. Max. ix. 10. ~ 2.): Orosius (v. 20) gives
lover of the arts, but poetry and'learning also were Hadrianus the nomen Fulvius. [W. B. D.]
nurtured and patronised by him. He was fond of HADRIANUS, literary. [ADRIANUS.]
the society of poets, scholars, rhetoricians, and phi-' HADRIA'NUS or ADRIANUS. We learn
losophers, but, as in architecture, his taste was of from the Codex Theodosianus that a person of this
an inferior kind. -Thus he preferred Antimachus name held the office of Magister Officiorum in the
to Homer, and imitated the former'in a poem en- reign of Honorius, A. D. 397 and399 (Cod. Theod.
titled Catacriani. The philosophers and sophists 6. tit. 26. ~ 11; tit. 27. ~ 11). He appears to have
who enjoyed' his friendship had, on the other hand, been:praefectus praetorio Italiae, a, D. 400-405
to suffer much from his petty jealousy and vanity, (Cod. Theod. 7. tit. 18. ~ 11 to 14;.8. tit. 2. ~ 5.
which led him to overrate his own powers and de tit. 5. ~ 65; 16. tit. 2. ~ 35. tit. 6. ~ 45). After
preciate those of others. He founded at'Rome a an interval in which the praefecture passed into
scientific institution under the name of'Athenaeum, other hands we find it again held by an Hadrianus,
which continued to flourish for a long time after apparently the same person as the'former praefect
him. We possess few specimens of Hadrian's of the name, A. D. 413-416 (Cod. Theod. 7, tit,
literary productions, although he was the author of 4. ~ 33. tit. 13. ~.21;'15. tit. 14. ~ 13), The
many works both in prose and in verse. In his first'of the fiverEpistolae of Claudian is inscribed
earlier years he' had devoted himself with'much Deprecatio ad Hadrianum' Prefaectumn Praetorioc
zeal to the study of eloquence, but,'in accordance but it is not known'on what authority this title
with the prevailing taste of the age, he preferred rests. The poet deprecates the anger of some
the earlier Roman orators and poets to Cicero and grandee whom he had in some moment of irritation
his contemporaries. Some of:Hadrian's own de- in his youth offended by some invective. Another
Y2