A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

318 GYLIS.' HADES.
opposition to that advised by Hermocrates, and a of his Asiatic spoils, and left Oylis to invarde tlie
speaker of the name of Nicolaus. Finally, Poly- territory of the Opuntian Locrians, who had been
aenus (i. 42) relates a doubtful tale of a device by the occasion of the war in Greece. (Comp. Xen.
which he persuaded the Syracusans to entrust him Hell. iii. 5. ~ 3, &c.) Here the Lacedaemonians
with the sole command. He induced them to adopt collected much booty; but, as they were returning
the resolution of attacking a particular position, se- to their camp in the evening, the Locrians pressed
cretly sent word to the enemy, who, in conse- on them with their darts, and slew many, among
quence, strengthened their force there, and then whom was Gylis himself. (Xen. Hell. i,. 3. ~ 21,
availed himself of the indignation at the betrayal 23, Ages. 2. ~ 15; Plut. Ages. 19; Paus. iii. 9.)
of their counsels to prevail upon the people to leave The Gyllis who is mentioned in one of the epithe sole control of them to him. grams of Damagetus has been identified by some
For all that we know of the rest of the life of with OTHRYADES, but on insufficient grounds.
Gylippus we are indebted to Plutarch (Nic. 28; (Jacobs, Anthol. ii. 40, viii. 111, 112.) [E. E.]
Lysand. 16, 17) and Diodorus (xiii. 106). He GYNAECOTHOENAS (rvvatKoOoivav), that
was commissioned, it appears, by Lysander, after is, " the god feasted by women,' a surname of Ares
the capture of Athens, to carry home the treasure. at Tegea. In a war of the Tegeatans against the
By opening the seams of:the sacks underneath, he Lacedaemonian king Charillus, the women of Tegea
abstracted a considerable portion, 30 talents, ac- made an attack upon the enemy from an amnbuscording to Plutarch's text; according to Diodorus, cade. This decided the victory. The women
who makes the sum total of the talents of silver to be therefore celebrated the victory alone, and ex1500, exclusive of other valuables, as much as 300. cluded the men from the' crificial feast. ThisN it
He was detected by the inventories which were is said, gave rise to the surname of Apollo. (Paus.
contained in each package, and which he had over- viii. 48. ~ 3) [L. S.]
looked. A hint from one of his slaves indicated GYRTON (rNSp'rc-), a brother of Phlegyas,
to the Ephors the place where the missing treasure who built the town of Gyrton on the Peneius, and
lay concealed, the space under the tiling of the from whom it received its name. (Steph. Byz. s. v.
house. Gylippus appears to have at once gone rvpTwv.) Others derived the name of that town
into exile,- and to have been condemned to death from Gyrtone, who is called a daughter of Phlein his absence. Athenaeus (vi. p. 234.) says that gyas. (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. i. 57; comp.
he died of starvation, after being convicted by the MiUller, Orchom. p. 189, 2d edit.) [L. S.]
Ephors of stealing part of Lysander's treasure; but
whether he means that he so died' by the sentence
of the Ephors, or in exile, does not appear. H.
None can deny that Gylippus did the duty assigned to him in the Syracusan war with skill and HABINNAS, a lapidary and monumental
energy. The favour of fortune was indeed most sculptor, mentioned by Petronius. (Sat. 65, 71.)
remarkably accorded to him; yet his energy in the If he was a real person, he was a contemporary of
early proceedings was of a degree unusual with his Petronius, who is supposed to have lived in the
countrymen. His military skill, perhaps, was not first century of our era. (Studer, in Rhein. Mus.
much above the average of the ordinary Spartan 1842, p. 50.) [P. S.]
officer of the.better kind. Of the nobler virtues HA'BITUS, CLUE'NTIUS. [CLUENTIUS.]
of his country we cannot discern much: with its HABRON. [ABRON.]
too common vice of cupidity he lamentably sullied HABRON, a painter of second-rate merit,
his glory.. Aelian (V. H. xii. 42; comp. Athen. painted Friendship(Am i'itia), Concord(Concordia),
vi. p. 271) says. that he and Lysander, and Calli- and likenesses of the gods. (Plin. H. N. xxxv.
cratidas, were all of the class called Mothaces, 11. s. 40. ~ 35.) His son, Nessus, was a painter
Helots, that is, by birth, who, in the company of of some note. (Ibid. ~ 42.) [P. S.]
the boys of the family to which they belonged, HABRONICHUS ('A~pdwrXos), another formi
were brought up in the Spartan discipline, and of Abronychus. [ABRONYCHUS.]
afterwards obtained freedom. This can hardly HADES or PLUTON (!ALtls-, nlo&tov, or
have been'the case with. Gylippus himself, as we poetically'A'Mns,'A'esiis, and fAovirev's), the
find his father, Cleandridas, in an important situa- god of the lower world. Plato (Cratyl. p. 403)
tion at the side of king Pleistoanax: but the family observes that people preferred calling him Pluton
may have been derived, at one point or another, (the giver of wealth) to pronouncing the dreaded
from a Mothax. (Comp. Miller, Dor. iii. 3. ~ 5.) name of Hades or AYdes. Hence we find that in
The syllable rve- in the name is probably identical ordinary life and in the mysteries the name Pluton
with the Latin Gilvus. [A. H.C.1 became generally established, while the poets preGYLIS, GYLLIS, or GYLUS (rAis, r'A- ferred the ancient name AYdes or theform Pluteus.
1lr, rv'Aos), a Spartan, was Polemarch under Age- The etymology of Hades is uncertain: some desillus at the battle of Coroneia, B. C. 394, against rive it from d-eTsev, Wrhence it would signify "the
the hostile confederacy of Greek states. On the god who makes invisible," and others from a8a,
morning after the battle, Agesilaiis, to see whe- or Xa'o; so that Hades would mean "the all-emther the enemy; would renew the fight, ordered bracer," or " all-receiver." The Roman poets use
Gylis (as he himself had been severely wounded) the names Dis, Orcus, and Tartarus as synonymous
to draw up the army in order of battle, with crowns with Pluton, for the god of the lower world.
of victory on their heads, and to erect a trophy to Hades is a son of Cronus and Rhea, and a
the sound of martial instruments. The Thebans, brother of Zeus and Poseidon. He was married
however, who alone were in a position to dispute to Persephone, the daughter of Demeter. In the
the field, acknowledged their defeat by requesting division of the world among the three brothers,
leave to bury their dead. Soon after this, Agesi- Hades obtained" the darkness of night," the abode
liius went to Delphi to dedicate to the god a tenth of the shades, over which he rules.- (Apollod. i. ].