A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

308 GREGORIUS. GREGORIUS.
not unlikely that this Gregory was the person ap- was appointed his successor; and in that see, acpointed bishop, though Bollandus and Tillemont cording to Evagrius, he acquired, by his charity to
argue against their identity.. His establishment at the poor and his fearlessness of the secular power,'Alexandria was effected by military force, but the respect both of the Byzantine emperor and the
Socrates, and Theophanes, who follows him, are Persian king. When Chosroes I., or Khosru, inprobably wrong in making Syrianus commander of vaded the Roman empire (A. D. 572), he sent the
that force: he was the agent in establishing Gre- intelligence of his inroad to the emperor.
gory's successor, George of Cappadocia. [GEORGIUS, Anatolius, an intimate friend of Gregory, having
No, 7.] Athanasius escaped with considerable been detected in the practice of magic, in sacrificing
difficulty, being surprised in the church during to heathen deities, and in other crimes, the popu-.divine service. lace of Antioch regarded the patriarch as the sharer
Very contradictory accounts are given of the con- of his guilt, and violently assailed him. The atduct- and fate of Gregory. If we may trust the tention of the emperor Tiberius II. was drawn to
statements of Athanasius, which have been col- the matter, and he ordered Anatolius to be sent to
lected by:Tillemont, he was a violent persecutor, Constantinople, where he was put to the torture:
sharing in the, outrages offered to the, solitaries, but the culprit did not accuse Gregory of any parvirgins, and ecclesiastics of the Trinitarian party, ticipation in his crimes,and was, after being tortured,
and sitting on the tribunal by the side of the ma- put to death, being thrown to the wild beasts of the
gistrates by whom the persecution was carried on. amphitheatre, and his body impaled or'crucified.
That considerable harshness was employed against Though delivered from this danger, Gregory soon
the orthodox is clear, after making all reasonable incurred another. He quarrelled with Asterius,
deduction from the statements of Athanasius, whose count of the East; and the nobles and populace of
position as a party in the quarrel renders his evi- Antioch took part against him, every one declaring
dence less trustworthy. The Arians had: now the that he had suffered some injury from him. He
upper hand, and evidently abused their predomi- was insulted by the mob; and though Asterius
nance;. though it may be judged from an expres- was removed, his successor, Joannes or John, was
sion of Athanasius (Encye. ad Episcop. Epistola, c. scarcely less hostile. Being ordered to inquire
3), and from the fact that the orthodox party burnt into the disputes which had taken place, he invited
the church of Dionysius at Alexandria, that their any who had any charge against the bishop to
opponents were sufficiently violent. The close of prefer it; and Gregory was in consequence accused
Gregory's episcopate is involved, both as to its time of incest with his.own sister, a married woman,
and manner, in: some doubt.: He was still in pos- and with being the author' of the disturbances in
session of the see at the time of the council of Sar- the city of Antioch. To the latter charge he exdica, by which he was declared to; be not only no pressed his willingness to plead before the tribunal
bishop, but no Christian, A. D. 347; but according to of count John, but with respect to the charge of
Athanasius, he died before the return of that prelate incest, he appealed to the judgment of the emperor,
from his second exile, A. D. 349.j He held the pa- and of an ecclesiastical council. In pursuance of
triarchate, according to this account, about eight this appeal he went to Constantinople, taking
years. Evagrius, the ecclesiastical historian, with him as
Socrates and Sozomen agree in stating that his advocate. This was about A. D. 589. [Eva
he was deposed by the Arian party, apparently (GRIU, No. 3.] A council of the leading prelates
about A. D. 354, because he had become unpopular was convened; and Gregory, after a severe struggle
through the burning of the church of Dionysius, with those opposed to him, obtained an acquittal,
and other calamities caused by his appointment, and returned to Antioch, the same year. When the
and: because he was not strenuous enough in sup- mutinous soldiers of the army on the Persian fronport of his party. The account of Theodoret, which tier had driven away their general Priscus, and
is followed by Theophanes, appears. to have origi- refused to receive and acknowledge Philippicus,
nated in some confusion of Gregory with his suc- whom the emperor Maurice had sent to succeed
cessor. (Athanasius, Encyc. ad Episcop. Epistola; him [GERMANUS, No.. 5], Gregory was sent, on
Histor. Arian. ad Monachos, c. ]1-18, 54, 75; account of his popularity with the troops, to bring
Socrat. H. E. ii. 10, 11, 14; Sozom. H. E. iii. them back to their duty: his address, which is
5, 6, 7; Theodoret. H. E. ii. 4, 12; Phot. Bibl. -preserved by Evagrius, was effectual, and the muCodd. 257, 258; Philostorg. H. E. ii. 18; Theo- tineers agreed to receive Philippicus, who was sent
phanes, Ch2ronog. vol. i. p. 54, 56, ed. Bonn; to them. When Chosros.II. of Persia was com-Tillemont, li]1moires, vol. viii.) pelled to seek refuge in the Byzantine empire.4. ANEPONYUS., [GEORGIUS, No. 41, PERI- (A. D. 590 or 591), Gregory was sent by the emPATETICUS.] peror to meet him. Gregory died of gout A. D. 593
5. Of'ANTIocH, was' originally a monk in one or 594, having, there is reason to believe, previously
of the convents of. Constantinople, or in a convent resigned his see into the hands of the deposed pacalled the convent of the Byzantines, which Va- triarch Anastasius. He was an opponent of the
lesius supposes to have'been somewhere in Syria. Acephali, or disciples of Severus of Antioch, who
~Here he became eminent as an ascetic at an early were becoming numerous in the Syrian desert, and
age, and was chosen abbot of the convent. From whom he either expelled or obliged to renounce
Constantinople, he was removed by the emperor their opinions. The extant works of Gregory are,
Justin II. to the abbacy of the convent of Mount 1. A'oW/oyopla 7rpos oi'v'rpa'dv, Or-atio ad EXerSinai. Here he was endangered by the Scenrite (or citum, preserved, as noticed above, by Evagrius,
Bedouin) Arabs, who besieged the monastery; but and given in substance by Nicephorus Callisti. 2.
he succeeded in bringing them into peaceable re- Ao-yos Eis -iras Mvpapdpovs, Oratio in Mulieres ULnlations to its inmates. On the deposition of *guentiferas, preserved in the Greek Menaea, and
Anastasius, patriarch of Antioch,'about A. D. 570 given in the Novum A?zctarisum of Combefis, Paris,
or. 571 (Baronius erroneously places it in 573), he 1648, vol. i. p. 727. Both these pieces are in the