A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

304 GREGENTIUS. GREGORAS.
p. Flacc. 21, ad Quint. fr. i. 1, 3, 10; Orelli, Onorn. theca Patrum' of Gallandius, vol. xi. fol. Venice
Tull. vol. ii. p. 388.) [L. S.] 1765, &c. The Latin version alone appears ii
GRA'TIUS, is known only as the accuser of A. some other editions of the Bibliotheca Patrum
Licinius Archias (Cic. pro Arch. 4, 6). The name The Disputatio, as it appears in these works, ii
is sometimes read Gracchus. (Orell. Onorn. Tull. considered by Fabricius to be mutilated at the comrn
vol. ii. p. 274.) [W. B.D.] mencement; and his opinion, which is disputed bJ
GRA'TIUS FALISCUS. [FALIscvs.] Gallandius, is corroborated by the greater complete
GRATUS, a soldier of Caligula's body-guard, ness of a Slavonic MS. of the work in the Roya'
who, after the assassination of that emperor, dis- Library at Berlin, of which one or two passages
covered and drew Claudi-us from his hiding-place in are given in a Latin version in the last edition oi
the palace, and presented him to the soldiers as a Fabricius. In this Slavonic MS. the archbishop iE
Germanicus, the proper heir to the empire. (Joseph. always called Gregory.
A ntiq. xix. 3. ~ 1; comp. Suet. Claud. 10; Dion The work is by Pagi regarded as a fiction, and
Cass. lx. 1.)' W. B. D.] Gallandius significantly leaves it to others to deterGRATUS, JU'LIUS. [FRoNTo, JuLIus.]. mine this point. Cave considers that "some parts
GRATUS, VALE'RIUS, procurator of Judaea of it smack of the credulity of a later age;" and.
from A. D. 15 to A. D. 27, and the immediate indeed, the contents of the work render it likely
predecessor of Pontius Pilate. (Joseph. Antiq. that it is much interpolated, to say the least; noi
xviii. 6. ~ 5.) The government of Gratus is chiefly is the authorship determined of that portion (it
remarkable for the frequent changes he made in the any) which is genuine. Substantially it may be
appointment of the high-priesthood. He deposed regarded as the production of Gregentius himself,
Ananus, and substituted Ismael, son of Fabi, then whose arguments, as Barthius thinks, and as the
Eleazar, son of Ananus, then Simon, son of Ca- work itself indicates, were taken down at the time
mith, and lastly Joseph Caiaphas, the son-in-law by Palladius of Alexandria, whom the archbishop,
of Ananus. (Id. Antiq. xviii. 2. ~2.) He put on his departure for Tephar, had taken with him
down two formidable bands of robbers that infested as his scholasticus. Lambecius ascribes the work
Judaea during his government, and killed with his to Nonnosus, ambassador of the emperor Justinian
own hand the captain of one of them, Simon' for- to the Homneritae. According to this work, the
merly a slave of Herod the Great. (Id.'Antiq. xvii. disputation of Gregentius with Herban took place
]0. ~ 6, 7; B. J. ii. 4. ~ 2, 3.) Gratus assisted at Tephar, in the presence of the king, Abramius,
the proconsul Quintilius Varus in quelling an in- many bishops, a number'of Jews, and the whole
surrection of the'Jews. (B.J. ii. 5.~ 2.) [W. B. D.]. population of the city: it was terminated by the
GREGE'NTIUS (rpr-'tvrilos), archbishop- of miraculous appearance of the Lord Jesus Christ,
Tephar (Teqcdp, the Sapphar,.cdirpap, of Ptolemy, and the infliction of miraculous blindness upon the
and the Saphar, ~epeap, of Arrian), capital of the Jews, who were, however, restored to sight on
Homeritae, a nation of Arabia Felix, the site of their. believing and being baptized. The king himwhich is a little above 100 miles N.N. W. of Aden. self was sponsor for Herban, to whom he gave the
The place of his birth is not ascertained. In the name of Leo, and whom he enrolled among his
Greek AMensea, in which he is called rp~yevwr7Tos, councillors. The number of Jews converted and
he is described as a native: of Milan, and the son baptized in consequence of these events is stated
of Agapius and Theodota, inhabitants of that city; at 5,500,000! Gregentius persuaded Abramius
but in a Slavonic MS. of the Disputatio, mentioned to break up the division of the Jewish converts
below, he is described as the son of Agapius and into tribes, and to mingle them with other ChrisTheotecna, a married pair living in the little town tians, and to order their children, under pain of
of" Lopliane, on the frontier of Avaria and Asia." death, not to marry with any of their own nation,
lie went to Alexandria, where he embraced thle but with Gentile Christians only. By these
life of an anchorite, and from whence he was sent inmeans, " in course of time" ('r, Xpogvq, an exby Asterius, patriarch of'Alexanidria, to take pression showing that the passage is not by a concharge of the church of the Homeritae, which temporary), the Jews were merged in the general
had been relieved by the Aethiopian Elesbaan, population of the country.
king of the Axumnitae, from the depressed con- The code promulgated by Gregentius in the
dition to which- it had been reduced by the perse-: name of king Abramius, entitled NooOseala cJs ic
cution of Dunaan, king of the Homeritae, a Jew. 7rpooawirou'roi earefe-'rdcov SRaaAcLows'A~paluov,
The reigning prince at the time of the mission of is extant in the Imperial Library of Vienna. A
Gregentius, was Abramius, whom Elesbaan had copy of it is also mentioned as among the MSS.
raised to the throne, and with whom, as well as formerly belonging to Abraham Seller in England.
with his son and successor, Serdidus, Gregentius The offences denounced in-this code are arranged
had great influence. Abramius died A. D. 552, under twenty-three tituli or heads. (Fabric. Bibl.
after a reign of thirty years, and Gregentius died Gr. vol. vi. p. 749, vii. p.543, x. p. 115, &c.; Galsoon after, on the 19th of December in the same land. Biblioth. Patr. vol. xi., Proleg. c. 12; Cave,
year, and was buried in the great church at Hist.Lit. vol. i. p. 521, ed. Oxon., 1740-43, Catal.
Tephar. MStorumn Angliae'et Hib. vol. ii. p. 96; Baronii
A work is extant, entitled Toi lv hayots rlarpos Annales ad ann. 523, xvi.-xxxi.; Pagi, C-itice in
7W1Yc rprY4-EVT'ou'ApXIEzrstLctrov eyevoeleeou TeppwV' Baronium; Oudin, Comment. de Sc-iptor., 4c., Ec8IdAetSr peTrd'IouaCouv'EpWv Tr o~,o0a, S. Patris cles. vol. i. col. 1423, &c.; Lambecius, apud
nostri Gregentii Tephrensis Archiepiscopi Disptuettio Oudin.) [J. C. M.]
wcn Herbano Judaeo. It was published with a GREGORAS NICE'PHORUS (NuKm7mp.os d
Latin version by Nic. Gulonius, 8vo. Paris, 1586, rpsiyopas), one of the most important Byzantine
and again in 1603. It is given in the first vol. of historians, was probably born in 1295, in the town
the Auctariuzn of Duc;eus, in the Bibliotlwca Pa- of Heracleia Pontica, in Asia Minor. While he
lrem, vol. xi. ed. Paris. I 654; and in the Biblio- lived in his native town, his education was cois