A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

3000 GRAPTUS. GRATA.
hood of Mintuirnae, escaped to the islan'd of Aena- Monk and byCedrenus. Fromthispunishment they
ria, on the coast of Campania, and afterwards received the surname of Grapti (rpa7rrTo), " Inaccompanied him to Africa. (Plut. oMar. 35, 37, scribed." Their place of exile was Apameia, in
40; App B. C. i. 60, 62.) Bithynia, on the shore of the Propontis, according
4. C. GRANTIUS, a dramatic poet whose date and to the biographer of Theodore, or the harbour of
history are unknown. From Nonius (s. a. Cardo) Carta, according to Symeon Magister. Here the
he appears to have been the author of a tragedy exiles, or rather prisoners, were enabled, by means
called " Peliades." (Bothe, Poet. Sc. Lat. Fragrn. of a faithful fisherman, to communicate with Mevol. v.p. 271.) thodius, afterwards patriarch of Constantinople,
5. (GRAIUvs, decurio of Puteoli in B. C. 78. A who was. shut up in a sepulchre near the place of
tax had been imposed on the Italian cities for the their confinement. Theodore died in exile; but
restoration of the Capitol at Rome, which had been Theophanes survived, and, on the restoration of
burnt down during the civil war between Marius images under the empress Theodora, widow of
and'Sulla, B.c. 83..Granius, in anticipation of Theophilus, and guardian of her son, Michael III.,
Sulla's death, which was daily expected, kept back became archbishop of Nicaea, in Bithynia. Of
the levy on his municipium. Sulla, highly in- the death of Theophanes we have- no account.
censed at the delay, since he had set his heart on The, continuator of Theophanes calls Theophanes
dedicating the Capitol, and inscribing it with his Graptus bishop of Smyrna; and he and Cedrenus
name, summoned Granius to his house at Cumae, make. Theodore to have survived until the admiiand caused him to be strangled in his presence. nistration of the empress Theodora: but these
(Plut. Sull. 37; Val. Max. ixi.3. ~ 8.) statements are at variance with better authorities.
6. P; IGRANIUS, a merchant of Puteoli, engaged Theodore wrote, 1. A Letter to Joannes, Bishop
in the Sicilian: trade, who:appeared in evidence of Cyzicus, giving an account of his own and his
against C. Verres, B. C. 70. (Cic. in Verr. v. 59.) brother's sufferings. This letter is incorporated in
7; A. GRANIUS, a native of'Puteoli, of eques- the life of Theodore referred to below. 2. BRos
trian rank at lome, was killed among the Caesa- tNicq(o'pov To6 cdyo'rd'ov IIa'TptdpXov Kwv0aravrian officers at Dyrrlhachium, in B. c. 48. (Caesar, TrvourodAews, Tile Life of Nicephorus, Patriarchl of
B. C. iii. 71.) Constantinople. The whole of this appears to be
8. Q. GRANIUs, accused Calpurnius Piso in extant in MS.; and an extract from it, giving an
A. D. 24 of treasonable speeches against Tiberius, of account of the patriarch's disputation with Leo the
keeping: poison in his house, and of entering the Armenian, is printed by Combefis, in his Originurnsenate with concealed weapons. Granius obtained Rerurnque CPolitanarum Manipulus. 3.'T~rEp
a conviction of the accused. (Tac. Ann.' iv. Tr~S dtC.WsO/tou Tv XpLaTrlcvc 7rerfewoos, De incul21.) [W. B. D.] pata Christianorum.fide, of which also Combefis
GRAPTUS (rpaCrTrs), THEODO'RUS and gives an extract. 4. Oratio in Dormientibus, of
THEO'PHANES, two ecclesiastical writers, com- which some-extracts, preserved in the Synopsis
memorated in the Greek church, in the office for Dogmatunt of Gregorius Hieromonachus, are quoted
the 27th Dec. as saints and confessors. They by Allatius in his De Purgatorio, p. 211.
were the sons of pious parents, and natives of Je- Theophanes Graptus is chiefly known as a Merusalem.. Theodore, who was some years older than lodus, or hymn writer. His known works are, 1.
his brother, was distinguished, when a boy, by the A Kavowv, Canon, or Hymn, in commemoration of.seriousness of his deportment and the excellence of his brother Theodore, embodied in the Menaea of
his character. He was educated'in the monastery the Greek church in the service for the 27th Dec.,
of St. Saba, near Jerusalem, and, according to his the day on which the Grapti are honoured. It is
biographer, received ordination from the bishop of given by Combefis as above. 2. Ccnon Epinicius
Sion, that is, as we. understand it, the patriarch of sirve Victorialis, employed in the matin service of
Jerusalem. Theophanes is said to have emulated the Greek church for the first Sunday in Lent; it
-the devotion of his brother, but we- have no ac- is given, with a Latin version, by Baronius, An*count of his education or ordination. The icono- nales ad Anan. 842, No. xxviii. These hymns,
elastic controversy was raging, and the brothers though not in verse, are acrostich, the first letters
were- sent by the patriarch of Jerusalem to remon- of the successive paragraphs forming a- sentence,
strate with the emperor Leo V., the Armenian, a which serves as a motto to the piece. 3. Canon
-zealous iconoclast, who reigned from A. D. 813 to Paracleticus ad B. Deipatran, mentioned by Fa-,820. The accomplishments and boldness of Theo- bricius. ( Vita Theodori Grapti, by a contemporary
dore excited the emperor's admiration, but the per- writer, printed, in the. Orig. Jterumqse CPolit.
tinacious resistance of the brothers to his proceed- Manip. of Combefis; Theophanes Continuatus, iii.
ings provoked his anger, and they were scourged, De Tl7eop/zilo Michaelis Fil. 14, iv.; De Michaele
-and banished from ConstantinopIe. After the Thseophili Fil. 11,; Symeon Mag. De Theophoil. c. 22,
murder of Leo V., they were at first allowed by 23, De Michaele et' Theodora, c. 5; Georg. Monach..AIichael II. the Stammerer (who reigned from A. D. De Theophilo, c. 25; Cedrenus, vol. i. p. 799, vol. ii.
820 to 829) to return to that city, but were shortly pp. 114-117, 149, 150, ed. Bonn.; Fabric. Bibl.
afterwards again banished. Under Theophilus, the Gr. vol. viii. p. 84, vol. x. pp. 332, 395, vol. xi. pp.
son of Michael (who reigned from A. D. 829 to 84, 220, 718.) [J. C. M.]
8t42), they were still more severely treated. In GRASI'DIUS SACERDOS. [SAcERDOS.]
addition to a third banishment from Constantinople,. GRATA. 1. Daughter of the emperor Valenor rather imprisonment (we do not fina when they. tinian I. by his second wife, Justina, whom he
had returned from their second exile), they had a married, according to Theophanes, A. D. 368. She
long inscription of opprobrious iambic verses carved remained all her life unmlarried. She and -her
on their fiaces; the verses are given by the author of sister, Justa, were at Mediolanum or Milan. while
the life of Theodore, as well as by the continuator the remains of her murdered brother, Valentinian
of Theophanes, by Symeon Magister, by George the II., continued there unburied, and deeply la