A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

GRANIA GENS. GRANIUS. 299
GRA'CILIS, TURRA'NIUS, a native of the exception of that of FLACCUS, in the time of
Africa, cited by Pliny in his Elenchos or summary Julius Caesar; but under the empire we meet with
of the materials of his Natural History (iii. ix. the surnames LICINIANUS, MARCELLUS, MAR.
xviii). Gracilis reckoned fifteen miles as the CIANUS, SERENUS, SILVANUS. [W. B. D.]
length, and five as the breadth, of the Straits of
Gibraltar. (Plin. IIH. N. iii. 1.) [W. B. D.]
GRADI'VUS, i. e. the striding or marching, a
surname of Mars, who is hence called gradivus
pater and rev gradives. Mars Gradivus had a
temple outside the porta Capena on the Appian
road, and it is said that king Numa appointed
twelve Salii as priests of this god. The surname is
probably derived from gradior, to march, or march COIN OF GRANIA GENS.
out, and we know that the soldiers, when they GRAINIANUS, JU'LIUS, a Roman rheto.
marched out, sometimes halted near his temple. rician of the time of Alexander Severus, who was
(Liv. i. 20, vii. 23; Serv. ad Aen. iii. 35; Ov. instructed by him in rhetoric. He wrote declaFast. vi. 191, &c.; Fest. s. v. Gradivus.) [L. S.] mations, which were still extant in the time of
GRAEAE (rpaaL), that is, " the old women," Aelius Lampridius. (Alex. Sev. 3.) [L. S.]
were daughters of Phorcys and Ceto. They had GRANI'CUS (rpavducos), a river god of Mysia,
grey hair from their birth. Hesiod (Theog. 270, is Described by Hesiod (Theog. 342) as a son of
&c.) mentions only two Graeae, viz. Pephredo and Oceanus and Thetys. But according to Stephanus
Enyo; Apollodorus (ii. 4. ~ 2) adds Deino as a Byzantinus (s. v. rpalco's), the name Granicus was
third, and Aeschylus (Prom. 819) also speaks of derived by some from Graecus, the son of Thesthree Graeae. The Scholiast on Aeschylus (Prom. salus. [L. S.]
793) describes the Graeae, or Phorcides, as he GRA'NIUS. 1. Q. GRANIUS, a clerk employed
calls them, as having the figure of swans, and he by the auctioneers at Rome to collect the money at
says that the three sisters had only one tooth and sales. His wit and caustic humour rendered him
one eye in common, which they borrowed from famous among his contemporaries, and have transone another when they wanted them. It is com- mitted his name to posterity. Although his occumonly believed that the Graeae, like other mem- pation was humble (comp. Hor. Ep. i. 7. 56), his
bers of the family of Phorcys, were marine divi- talents raised him to the highest society in Rome
nities, and personifications of the white foam seen (Cic. ad Farn. ix. 15; Schol. Bob. pro Planc. p.
on the waves of the sea. (Comp. GORGO and PER.- 259, Orelli); the satirist Lucilius made frequent
SEUS.) IL. S.] mention of him (Cic. Brut. 43, ad Att. vi. 3), and
GRAECEIUS, a friend of Cicero, who apprised the name Granius became a proverbial expression
him, on the information of C. Cassius, of a design for a man of wit. Cicero remarks that the only event
to send a party of soldiers to his house at Tuscu- at all memorable in the tribuneship of L. Licinius
lum. As this caution resembles a similar warning Crassus the orator [CRASSUS, No. 23] was his
from M. Varro, Graeceius must have written to supping with Granius (Brut. 43). Some of the
Cicero at the end of May, or the beginning of June, replies of Granius are recorded by Cicero (de Orat.
B. c. 44. (Cic. ad A.t. xv. 8, comp. ib. 5,) Cicero ii. 60, 62). They may be denominated puns, and
refers M. Brutus for information to Graeceius are not always intelligible in another language. In
(ad Fam. xi. 7). [W. B. D.] B. C. 11, the consuls P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica,
GRAECI'NUS, -JU'LIUS, was put to death and L. Calpurnius Bestia [BESTvA, No. 1.], susby Caligula because it was inexpedient for a tyrant pended all public business, that the levies for the
to have so virtuous a subject. (Senec. de Benef. ii. war with Jugurtha. might proceed without inter21.) Seneca records some terse and pithy sayings ruption. Scipio, seeing Granius idle in the forum,
of Graecinus (I. c. and Ep. 29). The name asked him "whether he grieved at the auctions
Graecinus occurs in the Fasti among the consules being put off?" " No," was the clerk's reply;
suffecti of the year A. D. 16, and in Pliny (H. N. "but I am at the legations being put off." The:Elench. xiv. xv. xvi. xvii. xviii. and xiv. 2. ~ 33). point of the reply lies in the double meaning of
From the contents of the books for which Pliny "irejectae" in the original; the senate had sent
consulted the writings of Graecinus, he appears to more than one fruitless embassy (legatio) to Juhave written on botany or viticulture. [W.B.D.] gurtha, who bribed both the legati and the senate.
GRAECUS (rpaIKcos), a son of Thessalus, from In B. c. 91, the celebrated tribune of the plebs,
whom the Greeks derived the name of rpaLKol M. Livius Drusus [DRusus, No. 6.], meeting
(Graeci.) (Steph. Byz. s. v. rpalKds; comp. Aris- Granius, asked him "How speeds yourbusiness? "
tot. Meteorol. i. 14; Callim. ap. Strab. v. p. "Nay, Drusus," rejoined the auction-clerk, "how
216.) [L. S.] speeds yours. " Drusus being at the time unable
GRA'NIA GENS, plebeian. Although some of to perform his promises to the Italian allies and subits members, under the republic, rose to senatorial jects of Rome. Catulus, Crassus, and Antonius, and
rank (Plut. Mar. 35), and under the empire, when the leading men of all parties at Rome in the seventh
military superseded civil distinctions, to high sta- century of the city, were in turn the objects of
tions in the army and the provinces (Tac. Ann. i. Granius' licence of speech. (Cic. pro Planc. 14.)
74), it never attained the consulship. The Grania 2, 3. CN. and Q. GRANII, two brothers of senaGens was, however, well-known from the age of torian rank at Rome in B. c. 87. One of them was
the poet Lucilius, B.C. 148-103. From a com- step-son to C. Marius. The two Granii were proparison of Cicero (in Verr. v. 59) with Plutarch scribed with Marius on Sulla's first occupation of
(Mar. 35), and Caesar (B.C. iii. 71), the Granii Rome in that year. One of these brothers, the
seem to have been settled at Puteoli. Under the step-son, accompanied Marius in his flight from
republic Granius appears without a cognomen, with the city, was separated from him in the neighbour