A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

288 GRACCHUS. GRACCH U S.
and, with his two legions of volones, he was ordered mander of the allies in the war against the Gauls,
to carry on his operations in Apulia; but the dic- under the consul Marcellus, B. c. 196, and was one
tator, Q. Fabius Maximus, commanded him to go of the many illustrious persons that fell in battle
to Beneventum. At the very time he arrived against the Boians. (Liv. xxxiii. 36.)
there Hanno, with a large army, came from Brut- 5. P. SEMPRONIUS GRACCHUS,waS tribune of the
tium; but a little too late, the place having been people in B.C. 189; and in conjunction with his
already occupied by Gracchus. When the latter colleague, C. Sempronius Rutilus, he brought an
heard that Hanno had pitched his camp on the accusation against M'. Acilius Glabrio, the conriver Cator, and was ravaging and laying waste queror of Antiochus, charging him with having
the country, he marched out, and took up his quar- appropriated to himself a part of the money and
ters at a short distance from the enemy. His booty taken from the king at Thermopylae. Cato
volones, who had served in the hope of being re- also spoke against Glabrio on that occasion. (Liv.
stored to freedom, now began to murmur; but as xxxvii. 57; Fest. s. v. penatores.)
he had full power from the senate to act as he 6. TIB. SEMPRONIUS, P. F. Tin. N. GRACCHUS,
thought proper in this matter, he assembled the the father of the two illustrious tribunes, Tib. and
soldiers, and wisely proclaimed their freedom. This C. Gracchus, was born about B. c. 210. In B. c.
generous act created such delight among the men, 190 he accompanied the consul, L, Cornelius Scipio,
that it was difficult to keep them from attacking into Greece, and was at that time by far the most
the enemy at once. But the next morning at day- distinguished among the young Romans in the
break he complied with their demand. Hanno camp for his boldness and bravery. Scipio sent
accepted the battle. The contest was extremely him from Amphissa to Pella to sound Philip's dissevere, and lasted for several hours; but the loss of position towards the Romans, who had to pass
the Carthaginians was so great, that Hanno, with through his dominions on their expedition against
his cavalry, was obliged to take to flight. After Antiochus; and young Gracchus was received by
the battle, Gracchus treated a number of the volones the king with great courtesy. In B. C. 187 he was
who had behaved rather cowardly during the en- tribune of the people; and although he was pergagement, with that generous magnanimity which sonally hostile to P. Scipio Africanus, yet he deis so peculiar a feature in the family of the Gracchi, fended him against the attacks of the other tribunes,
and by which they rise far above their nation. He and restored peace at Rome, for which he received
then returned with his army to Beneventum, the thanks of the aristocratic party. It appears
where the citizens received them with the greatest that soon after this occurrence Gracchus was reenthusiasm, and celebrated the event with joy and warded with the hand of Cornelia, the youngest
festivities. Gracchus afterwards had a picture daughter of P. Scipio Africanus, though, as Plutarch
made of these joyous scenes, and dedicated it in the states, he may not have married her till after her
temple of Libertas on the Aventine, which had father's death. An anecdote about her engagement
been built by his father. to him clearly shows the high esteem which he
At the end of the year he was in his absence enjoyed at Rome among persons of all parties. One
elected consul a second time for B. C. 213, with Q. day, it is said, when the senators were feasting in
Fabius Maximus. He now carried on the war in the Capitol, some of Scipio's friends requested him
Lucania, fought several minor engagements,and took to give his daughter Cornelia in marriage to Gracsome of the less important towns of the country; but chus, which he readily promised to do. On his reas it was not thought advisable to draw the consuls turning home, and telling his wife Aemilia that he
away from their armies, Gracchus was commanded had given his daughter to wife, Aemilia censured
to nominate a dictator to hold the comitia. He him for his rashness, saying that if he had chosen
nominated C. Claudius Centho. In B.C. 212 he was Gracchus she would not have objected; and on hearordered by the consuls to quit Lucania, and again ing that Gracchus was the man whom Scipio had
take up his quarters at Beneventum. But before he selected, she rejoiced with herhusband at the happy
broke up an ill omen announced to him his sad choice. Some writers relate the same anecdote of
catastrophe. He was betrayed by Flavius, a Lu- his son Tiberius and Claudia, the daughlter of Apcanian, into the hands of the Carthaginian Mago. pius Claudius and Antistia. Shortly after Gracchus
[FLAVIus, No. 2.] According to most accounts, also defended L. Scipio in the disputes respecting
he fell in the struggle with Mago, at Campi Ve- the accounts of the money he had received from Anteres, in Lucania; and his body was sent t6 Han- tiochus. Towards the end of the year M. Fulvius
nibal, who honoured it with a magnificent burial. Nobilior, who claimed a triumph, was nobly supLivy records several different traditions respecting ported by Gracchus against the other tribunes. In
his death and burial, but adds the remark that they B. C. 183 he was one of the triumvirs to conduct a
do not deserve credit. (Liv. xxii. 57, xxiii. 19, Roman colony to Saturnia; and shortly after this
24, 25, 30, 32, 35-37, 48, xxiv. 10, 14-16, 43, he must have been aedile, in which character he
xxv. 1, 3, 15-17; Appian, Annibl. 35; Zonar. spent large sums upon the public games. In 181
ix. 3, &c.; Oros. iv. 1 6; Eutrop. iii. 4, who con- he was made praetor, and received Hispania Citef6unds Tib. Sempronius Longus with our Tib. rior as his province, in which he succeeded Q.
Sempronius Gracchus; Cic. Tusc. i, 37; Gellius, Fulvius Flaccus. [FLACCUS, FULvIUS, No. 5.]
ii. 2.) When his army was ready he marched to Spain;
3. TIB. SEMPRONIUS GRACCHUS, probably a son and having made an unexpected attack upon
of No. 2, was elected augur in B. C. 203, when he Munda, he reduced the town to submission. After
was yet very young, although it was at that time receiving hostages, and establishing a garrison
a very rare occurrence for a young man to be made there, he took several strongholds of the Celtia member of any of the colleges of priests. He berians, ravaged the country, and in this manner
died as augur in B. C. 174, during a plague. (Liv. approached the town of Certima, which was strongly
xxix. 38, xli. 26.) fortified; but as its inhabitants despaired of being
4. Tin. SEMaPRONIUS GRACCHUS, was com- able to resist him, they surrendered. They had to