A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

286 GORGUTS. GRACCHANUS.
poems. (Max. Tyr. Diss. xxiv. 9, vol. i. p. 478, ed. Herod. v. 104; Clinton, F. H. sub annis 499,
Reiske.) On the relations of Sappho to her female 498, vol. ii. App. 5.)
contemporaries, see, besides the dissertation just 3. A Messenian, son of Eucletus, was distinquoted, Muller, Hist. of the'Lit. of Anc. Greece, guished for rank, wealth, and success in gymnastic
vol. i. p. 177. [P. S.] contests: moreover, unlike most athletes (says PoGORGO. [CLEOMENES, p. 793, a.] lybius), he proved himself wise and skilful as a
GORGON (ro'pywv), the author of an historical statesman. In B. c. 218 he was sent as ambassador
work IIepl'-iv/ ep'Pgos &rvicwv, and of Scholia on to Philip V. of Macedon, then besieging Palus, in
Pindar. (Athen. xv. p. 696-697; Hesych. s. v. Cephallenia, to ask him to come to the aid of Mes-'EVruroAtaios, Ka'aPPai7rTrlrTs; Schol. ad Pind. 01. senia against Lycurgus, king of Lacedaemon. This
vii.; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. p. 65; Vossius, request was supported by the traitor Leontius for
de Hist. Graec. p. 444, ed. Westermann.) [P. S.] his own purposes; but Philip preferred listening
GORGO'NIUS. [GARGONIUS.] to the recommendation of the Acarnanians to inGORGO'PAS (rop-yWoras), a Spartan, acted as vade Aetolia, and ordered Eperatus, the Achaean
vice-admiral under Hierax and Antalcidas succes- general, to carry assistance to the Messenians.
sively, in B. C. 388. When Hierax sailed to (Paus. vi. 14; Polyb.v. 5, vii. 10; Suid. s. v. rop.
Rhodes to carry on the war there, he left Gorgopas yos.) [E. E]
with twelve ships at Aegina, to act: against the GORTYS (roprvs). 1. A son of Stymphelus,
Athenians, who, under Pamphilus, had possessed and founder of the Arcadian town of Gortys.
themselves of a fort in the island, and who were (Paus. viii. 4. ~ 5.)
soon reduced to such distress, that a powerful 2. A son of Tegeates and Maera, who, according
squadron of ships was- despatched from Athens to to an Arcadian tradition, built the town of Gorconvey them home. Gorgopas and the Aeginetan tyn, in Crete. The Cretans regarded him as a son
privateers now renewing their attacks on the Athe- of Rhadamanthys. (Paus. viii. 53. ~ 2.) [L. S.]
nian coast, EUNOMUS was sent out to act against GOTARZES. [ARSACEs XX. XXI.]
them. Meanwhile, Antalcidas superseded Hierax GRACCHA'NUS, AM. JU'NIUS, assumed his
in the command of the fleet, and being entrusted cognomen on account of his friendship with C.
also with a mission to the Persian court, was es- Gracchus. - (Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 2.) He wrote a
corted by Gorgopas as far as Ephesus. Gorgopas, work, De Potestatibus, which gave an account of
returning hence to Aegina, fell in with the squadron the Roman constitution and magistracies from the
of Eunomus, and succeeded in capturing four of his time of the kings. It stated upon what occasions
triremes off Zoster in Attica. [See Vol. II. p. 95,- new offices were introduced, and what changes
a.] Soon after this, however, Chabrias landed in were made in the duties of the old ones. At least,
AeginaN on his way to Cyprus to aid Evagoras from the fragments that remain, it may be inferred
against the Persians, and defeated the Spartans by with probability that such were its contents. It
means of an ambuscade, Gorgopas being slain in was addressed to T. Pomponius Atticus, the father
the battle. (Xen. Hell. v. 1. ~~ 1-12; Polyaen. of Cicero's friend. Atticus, the father, was the
iii. 10; Dem. c. Lept. p. 479, ad fin.) [E. E.] sodalis of M. Gracchanus. (Cic. de Leg. ii. 20.) It
GORGUS (rOp7os). 1. Son of the Messenian is likely that they were associates in some official
hero, Aristomenes, who betrothed him in marriage college.
to the maiden by whose aid he had himself escaped. Junius Gracchanus is cited by Censorinus (De
when captured by a body of Cretan bowmen, mer- Die Nat. c. 20), Macrobius (Sat. i. 13), Pliny
cenaries of Sparta. [See Vol. 1. p. 308.] Gorgus (H. N. xxxiii. 2), and Varro (De L. L. iv. 7, iv. 8,
is mentioned by Pausanias as fighting bravely by v. 4, v. 9). Bertrandus (De Jurisp. ii. 1) thinks
his father's side in the last desperate struggle, that the plebiscitum in Festus (s. v. Publica Ponwhen Eira had been surprised by the Spartans. dera) is taken from Gracchanus, since the name
Soon after this Aristomenes declined to take the Junius is mentioned in the imperfect passage precommand of the Messenians, who wished to mi- ceding the plebiscitum.
grate to another country, and named Gorgus and The seventh book of the treatise De Potestatibus
Manticlus, son of the seer Theoclus, as their lead- is cited by Ulpian (Dig. 1. tit. 13, pr.), and the
ers. Gorgus proposed to take possession of the same passage is also cited by Joannes Lydus (De
island of Zacynthus, while Manticlus was in favour Mag. i. 24), but Lydus does not cite Gracchalius
of a settlement in Sardinia. Neither of these from the original work, which, as he says in his
courses, however, was adopted, and Rhegium. was Prooemium, was no longer extant when he wrote.
fixed upon as the new home of the exiles. (Paus. Nay, he appears to cite Gracchanus rather from the
iv. 19, 21, 23; Muller, Dor. i. 7i. ~ 10; comp. fragment of Ulpian in the Digest than from the
ANAXILAUS.). original work of Ulpian, and he seems to attribute
2. Kingof Salamis, in Cyprus, was son of Cher- to Gracchanus part of that which is the later adsis, and great-grandson of Evelthon, the contem- dition of Ulpian.
porary of Arcesilaus III. of Cyrene. His brother Pomponius, in the title of the Digest, De Oripine
Onesilus, having long urged him in vain to revolt Juris (Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 2), treats of magistrates,
from the Persian king, at length drove him from and what he says of the office of quaestor seems to
the city, and, usurping the throne, set up the stand- be partly borrowed from Gracchanus. Hence, it
ard of rebellion with the Ionians in B. c. 499. may be not unnaturally presumed that he has borGorgus was restored to his kingdom in the next rowed other materials from the same source. It is
year on the reduction of the Cyprians and the remarkable, that two passages which appear in the
death of Onesilus in battle. He joined Xerxes in Digest in an extract from the Enchiridion of Pomhis invasion of Greece, and his brother Philaon ponius, are cited by Lydus (i. 26, i. 34) from the
was taken prisoner by the Greeks in the first of work of Gaius, Ad Legem XII. Tabularrm. Jothe three battles at Artemisium in B. c. 480. (He- annes Lydus is an inaccurate writer, of slnall
rod. v. 104, 115, vii. 98, viii. 11; Larcher ad ability, and it is not unlikely that, in translating