A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

GOBRYAS. GORDIANUS. 279
Stosch, Pierres pravyes, tab. 23; Bracci, tab. 2, ext. ~ 2; Aristeid. vol. i. p. 502; vol. ii. p. 236.)
49.) [P. S.] Gobryas accompanied Dareius into Scythia, and
GNATHAENA (rvd0aLva), a celebrated Greek discovered the true meaning of the symbolical dehetaera, ef whom some witty sayings are recorded fiance of the Scythians. (Herod. iv. 132, 134.)
by Athenaeus (xiii. p. 585). She wrote a vdJcos He was doubly related to Dareius by marriage:
VcrOrITrKcs, in the same fashion as v6pZoL were com- Dareius married the daughter of Gobryas, and
-monly written by philosophers. It consisted of Gobryas married the sister of Dareius; and one of
323 lines, and was incorporated by Callimachus in his children by her was Mardonius. (Herod. vii.
his rlrval 7cv'u4wv. [L. S.] 2, 5.)
GNESIPPUS (rTv'rnros), the son of Cleoma- 3. One of the commanders of the army with
chus, a Dorian lyric poet, according to Meineke, which Artaxerxes II. met his brother Cyrus. (Xewhose light and licentious love verses were attacked noph. Anab. i. 7. ~ 12.) [P. S.]
by Chionides, Cratinus, and Eupolis. The pas- GOLGUS (rdxyos), a son of Adonis and Aphrosages quoted by Athenaeus seem, however, to bear dite, from whom the town of Golgi, in Cyprus, was
out fully the opinion of Welcker, that Gnesippus believed to have derived its name. (Schol. ad
was a tragic poet, and that the description of his 7Theocrit. xv. 100.) [L. S.]
poetry given by Athenaeus (7raLyvlaypcp4ov'ris GO'NATUS ANTI'GONUS. [ANTIGONUS.]
iAapas Uovao7rs) refers to his choral odes. (Athen. GO'NGYLUS (royyuAos). 1. Of Eretria, was
xiv. p. 638, d. e.; Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec. the agent by whose means Pausanias entered into
vol. ii. pp. 7, 27-29; Welcker, die Griech. Trag. communication with Xerxes, B. C. 477. To his
vol. iii. pp, 1024-1029.) [P. S.] charge Pausanias entrusted Byzantium after its reGNIPHO, M. ANTO'NIUS, a distinguished capture, and the Persian prisoners who were there
Roman rhetorician, who lived in the last century taken, and who, by his agency, were now allowed to
before the Christian aera. He was born in B. C. escape, and (apparently in their company) he also
114, and was a native of Gaul, but studied at Alex- himself went to Xerxes, taking with him the reandria. He was a man of great talent and extra- markable letter from Pausanias, in which he proordinary memory, and was thoroughly acquainted posed to put the Persian king in possession of
with Greek as well as Roman literature, and he is Sparta and all Greece, in return for marriage with'further praised as a person of a kind and generous his daughter. (Thuc. i. 129; Diod. xi. 44; Nepos,
disposition. After his return from Alexandria, he Pans. 2.)
taught rhetoric at first in the house of J. Caesar, Xenophon, on his arrival in Mysia with the
who was then a boy, and afterwards set up a school Cyrean soldiers (B. c. 399), found Hellas, the
in his own house. He gave instruction in rhetoric widow of this Gongylus, living at Pergamus. She
every day, but declaimed only on the nundines. entertained him, and, by her direction, he attacked
Many men of eminence are said to have attended the castle of Asidates, a neighbouring Persian
his lectures, and among them Cicero, when he was noble. She had borne her husband two sons, Gorpraetor. He died in his fiftieth year, and left be- gion, and another Gongylus, the latter of whom, on
hind him many works, though Ateius Capito main- finding Xenophon endangered in his attempt, went
tained that the only work written by him was out, against his mother's will, to the rescue, accomDe Latino Sermone, in two books, and that the panied by Procles,. the descendant of Demaratus.
other treatises bearing his name were productions (Xen. Anab. vii. 8. ~~ 8, 17.) These two sons, it
of his disciples. (Suet. De Illustr. Gram. 7; Ma- further appears (Xen. Hell. iii. 1. ~ 6), were in
crob. Sat. iii. 12.) Schiitz, in his preface to the possession of Gambrium and Palaegambrium, MyRhetorica ad Herennium (p. 23, &c.), endeavours rina and Grynium, towns given by the king to
to show that that work is the production of M. their father in reward for his treachery. On
Antonius Gnipho; but this is only a very uncertain Thibron's arrival with the Lacedaemonian forces,
hypothesis. [CICERO, p. 727.] [L. S.] and the incorporation, shortly after the above ocGNOSI'DICUS (rvwailbcos), the fourteenth in currence, of the Cyrean troops with them, they,
descent from Aesculapius, the elder son of Nebrus, with Eurysthenes and Procles, placed their towns
the brother of Chrysus, and the father of Hippo- in his hands, and joined the Greek cause.
crates I., Podalirius II., and Aeneius. He lived 2. A Corinthian captain, who in the eighteenth
-probably in the sixth century B. c. (Jo. Tzetzes, year of the Peloponnesian war, B. c. 414, took
Chsil. vii. Hist. 155, in Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xii. charge of a single ship of reinforcements for Syrap. 680, ed. Vet.; Poeti Epist. ad Artax. in Hip- cuse. He left Leucas after Gylippus, but, sailing
pocr. Opera, vol. iii. p. 770.) [W. A. G.] direct for Syracuse itself, arrived there first. It
GOBIDAS. [CoBIDAS.] was a critical juncture: the besieged were on the
GO'BRYAS (rFopvas). 1. A noble Assyrian, point of holding an assembly for discussion of
who, in Xenophon's Cyropaedeia, goes over to terms of surrender. His arrival, and his news of
Cyrus, and renders him various important services the approach of Gylippus, put a stop to all thought
(iv. 6, v. 2, vii. 5, viii. 4). of this; the Syracusans took heart; and presently
2. A noble Persian, one of the seven conspirators moved out to support the advance of their future
against Smerdis the Magian. When the attack deliverer. Thucydides seems to regard this as the
was made, and Smerdis fled to his chamber, he was moment of the turn of the tide. On the safe
pursued by Dareins and Gobryas. In the darkness arrival of Gongylus at that especial crisis depended
of the room Dareius was afraid to strike at the the issue of the Sicilian expedition, and with it the
Magian, lest he should kill Gobryas; but Gobryas destiny of Syracuse, Athens, and all Greece. Gonperceiving his hesitation, exclaimed, " Drive your gylus fell, says Plutarch, in the first battle on Episword through both of us." Dareius struck, and polae, after the arrival of Gylippus. (Thuc. vii. 2;
fortunately pierced only the Magian. (Herod. iii. Plut. Nicias, 19.) [A. H. C.]
70, 73, 78; Plut. Oper. vol. ii. p. 50, e., and GORDIA'NUS, the name of three Roman emWyttenbach's Note; Justin. i. 9; Val. Max. iii. perors, father, son, and grandson.
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