A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

264 G ERMAN US. GERMANUS.
are unimportant. One of them, which is not now he discharged the functions of his office at Nice, in
extant, but which Nennius quotes (c. 50), contained Bithynia, Constantinople itself being then in the
an account of the death of the British king, Guor- hands of the Latins. He was anxious for the
tigirnus or Vortigern. (Nennius, Histor. c. 30- union of the Greek and Latin churches, and wrote
50; Baeda, De Sex Aetat., and Hist. Eccles. to the pope Gregory IX. a letter, of which a Latin
Gent. Anglor. i. c. 17-21, Acta Sanctor. Julii, version is included among the letters of that pope,
31, vol.vii. and is given, with the version of a letter of Ger7. Of CONSTANTINOPLE, was the son of the manlus to the cardinals, and the pope's answer,
patrician Justinian, who was put to death by the by Matthew Paris. (Historia Major, p. 457, &c.,
emperor Constantine IV. Pogonatus, by whom Ger- ed. Wats, fol. Lond. 1640.) The letters are assigned
manus himself was castrated, apparently on account by Matthew Paris to the year 1237, instead of
of his murmurs at his father's death. Germanus 1232, which is their proper date. The emperor
was translated A. D. 715 from the archbishoprick of Joannes Ducas Vataces was also favourable to the
Cyzicus, which he had previously held, to the patri- union, and a conference was held in his presence by
archal see of Constantinople. About two years after- Germanus and some ecclesiastics sent by the pope.
wards he negotiated the abdication of Theodosius A council on the subject was afterwards held (A. D.
III. in favour of Leo III. the Isaurian, with whom 1233) at Nymphaea, in Bithynia, but it came to
he was subsequently involved in a contest on the nothing. Oudin affirms that after the failure of this
subject of the use of images in worship. It is pro- negotiation, Germanus became as hostile to the
bable that some difference between them had com- Romish church as he had before been friendly.
menced before Germanus was called upon to baptize According to Cave and Oudin, Germanus was
Constantine, the infant son of Leo, afterwards the deposed A.D. 1240, restored in 1254, and died
emperor Constantine V. Copronymus. The infant shortly after; and their statement is confirmed by
polluted the baptismal font (whence his surname), Nicephorus Gregoras (Hist. Byzant. iii. 1, p. 55,
and the angry patriarch declared prophetically that ed. Bonn), who says that he died a little before the
" much evil would come to the church and to reli- election of Theodore Lascaris II., in A. D. 1254 or
gion through him." Germanus vehemently opposed 1255. According to other statements, founded on
the iconoclastic measures of Leo; and his pertina- a passage in George Acropolita, c. 43, Germanus
cious resistance occasioned his deposition, A. D. died A. D. 1239 or 1240.
730. He was succeeded by Anastasius, an oppo- The writings of Germanus are very numerous,
nent of images, and the party of the Iconoclasts ob- and comprehend, 1. Epistolae. Beside those pubtained a temporary triumph. Germanus died A. D. lished in the Historia Major of Matthew Paris,
740. He was anathematised at a council of the there are two, Ad Cyprios, in the Monzumenta EcIconoclasts held at Constantinople A. D. 754, in the cles. Graec. of Cotelerius, vol. i. p. 462. 2. Orareign of Constantine Copronymus; but after the tiones, and Homiliae. These are published, some
overthrow of. that party he was regarded with in the Homiliae Sacrae of David Hoeschelius;
reverence, and is reckoned both by the Latin and others in the Auctarium of Ducaeus, vol. ii., in the
Greek churches as a confessor. Auctarium of Combefis, vol. i., in the collection of
Several works of Germanus are extant. 1. 1. pl Gretser De Cruce, vol. ii., and in the Originum Re-.TC cy[iov olkovpevIKtv rvvoo'wv' irocran lomr, ical rumque CPolitanarum Manipulus of Combefis,and in
7rore Kalt 8$a'ri rvvqepo[eTrl6OVa' Of the General some editions of the Bibliotheca Patrum. 3. DeCouncils; how many they are, and uhen, and on creta. Three of these are published in the Jus
what account they were assembled. This work, in an Graeco-Romanum of Leunclavius, lib. iii. p. 232, and
imperfect form, and without the author's name, in the Jus Orientale of Bonefidius. 4. Idiomelum in
was, with the Nomocanon of Photius, published by Festum Annunciationis, in the Auctariurm of ComnChristopher Justellus, 4to. Paris, 1615: it is also befis..5. Rerum Ecclesiasticarum Theoria, or Excontained in the Bibliothweca Canonica of Henry positio in. Liturgiam, given in Greek and Latin in
Justellus; but was first given in a complete form, the Auctarium of Ducaeus and the Graec. Eccles.
and with the author's name, in the Varia Sacra of Mlonum. of Cotelerius. There is some difficulty
Le Moyne. 2. Epistolae. Three letters addressed in distinguishing his writings from those of the
to different bishops, are in the Acta of the Second elder Germanus of Constantinople. Many of his
Nicene, or Seventh' General Council, held A. D. works are unpublished. Fabricius gives an enume787. 3. Homiliae, included in the Collection of ration of.them. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. xi. p. 162;
Pantinus (8vo. Antwerp, 1601); the Auctarium of Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. ii. p. 289; Oudin. De Seript.
Ducaeus, tom. ii.; and the Novumr Auctarium, Ecc. vol. iii. col. 52, &c.)
and the Originumn rerutmque Constantinopolitanarum 8. Of CONSTANTINOPLE, was bishop of AdriaMlanipulus of Combefis. Latin versions of them nople, and a friend of the emperor Michael Palaeoare in the various editions of the BibliotiecacPatrum. logus, at whose solicitation he was elected patriarch
4. A work mentioned by Photius, but now lost, of Constantinople by a synod held A. D. 1267. He
against those who disparaged or corrupted the unwillingly accepted the office; and resigned it
writings of Gregory Nyssen..5. Commentaries on the within a few months, and retired to a monastery,
writings of the pseudo-DionysiusAreopagita. (Theo- in consequence of the opposition made to his apphan. Clsronog. vol. i. pp. 539, 599-630; Phot. pointment, either on the ground of some irreguBibl. cod. 233; Zonaras, xiv. 20; Fabric. Bibl. Gr. larity in his translation, or more probably of his
vol. vii. p. 10, vol. viii. p. 84, vol. xi. pp. 155-162; holding the patriarchate, while his deposed preCave, Hist.Litt. vol. i. p. 621,ed. Oxford, 1740-43.) decessor, Arsenius, was living. He was a learned
8. Of CONSTANTINOPLE, the younger, was born man, of mild disposition, polished manners, and
at Anaplus on the Propontis, and before his eleva- irreproachable morals. He was afterwards one of
tion to the patriarchate (A. D. 1222) was a monk of the ambassadors of the emperor to the fourteenth
piety and learning. Though counted in the suc- General Council, that of Lyon (A. D. 1277), and
cession of the Greek patriarchs of Constantinople, there supported the union of the Greek and Latin