A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

GERMANICUS. GERMANICUS. -259
manicus sent word to Caecina, that he was coming thence up the Ems. In the vicinity of this river
with a strong force, and would slaughter them in- the three divisions formed a junction. Germanidiscriminately, unless they anticipated his purpose cus ravaged the country between the -Ems and
by themselves punishing the guilty.'This object the Lippe, and penetrated to the Saltus Teutowas accomplished in an effectual, but revolting bergiensis, which was situate between the sources
manner, by a secret nocturnal massacre of the dis- of those two rivers. In this forest the unburied
affected ringleaders. Germanicus entered the camp remains of Varus and his legions had lain for
while it was still reeking with carnage, ordered six years bleaching in the air. With feelings
the corpses to be buried, and shied many tears on of sorrow and resentment, the Roman army
witnessing the sad spectacle. His emotion at sight gathered up the bones of their ill-fated comrades,
of the result was accompanied by disapprobation of and paid the last honours to their memory. Gerthe means, which he designated as more befitting manicus took part in the melancholy solemnity,
the' rudeness of the butcher than the skill of the and laid the first sod of the funeral mound. (Tac.
physician. (Tac. Ann. i. 49.) Ann. i. 57-62; Dion Cass. lvii. 18.) Arminius,
The soldiers were now anxious to be led to the in the mean time,' had assembled his forces, and
field, that by the wounds they received in battle retiring into a difficult country, turned upon the
they might appease the manes of their brethren in pursuing troops of the Romans, who would have
arms; and their general was not unwilling to sustained a complete defeat had not the legions of
satisfy this desire. He crossed the Rhine, and fell Germanicus checked the rout of the cavalry and
upon the villages of the Marsi, whom he surprised subsidiary cohorts. As it was, the general thought
and slaughtered by night, during a festive cele- it prudent to retreat in the same three-fold division
bration. He then laid waste the country for fifty in which he had advanced. Pedo, with the cavalry,
miles round, sparing neither age nor sex, levelled was ordered to keep the coast, and Caecina, with
to the ground the celebrated temple of Tanfana, all speed, to get across the Pontes Longi, a mounded
and, on his way back to winter quarters, pushed causeway leading over the marshes between Cisfeld
his troops successfully through the opposing tribes and Velen, and along the banks of the Yssel
(Bructeri, Tubantes, Usipetes,)'between the Marsi (Ledebur, Land und Volk der B'ructerer, Berlin,
and the Rhine.'(Tac. Ann. i. 48-51; Dion Cass. 1827). Caecina, in whose division Agrippina traIvii. 3-6; Suet. Tib. 25; Vell. Pat. ii. 125.) velled, was obliged to fight his way hardly [AGRIPThe intelligence of these proceedings affected PINA]. Germanicus' himself returned to the staTiberius with mingled feelings - pleasure at the tion on the Rhine by water, and, in a gusty night,
suppression of the mutiny among the German was well nigh losing the 2nd and 14th legions,
legions, anxiety on account of the indulgences by who, under the command of P. Vitellius, marched
which it was bought, and the glory and popularity along a dangerous shore, exposed to the wind and
acquired by Germanicus. While he regarded his tide, for the sake of lightening the burden of the
nephew and adopted son with suspicion and dis- transport vessels. The greater part, nevertheless,
like, he commemorated his services in the senate in after many difficulties and adventures, succeeded in
terms of elaborate, but manifestly insincere praise. making their way to the river Unsingis (Hunse),
The senate, in the absence of Germanicus, and where they rejoined the flotilla, and were taken on
-during the continuance of the war, voted that he board. When the army arrived at its destination,
should have a triumph. Germanicus visited the' sick and wounded, and
In the beginning of spring, A. D. 15, he fell upon contributed from his'own purse to the wants of the
the Catti, burnt their chief town Mattium (Maden soldiers.
near Gudensberg), devastated the country, slaugh- In the next year (A. D. 16), warned by the
tered the inhabitants, sparing neither woman nor losses he had recently sustained from the deficiency
child, and then returned to the Rhine. Soon of his fleet, he gave orders for the building of a
afterwards a deputation arrived from Segestes thousand vessels, and appointed as the place of
applying for the assistance of the Roman general. rendezvous that part of the Batavian island where
Segestes had always espoused the cause of the the Vahalis (Waal) diverges from the Rhine.
Romans, and had quarrelled with his son-in-law, With such aid, he hoped to facilitate the transport
Arminius, the conqueror of Varus. He was now of men and provisions, and to avoid the dangerous
blockaded by his own people, who'despised him necessity of marching through bogs and forests.
for' his servile truckling to foreign domination. In the meantime, hearing that Aliso, a castle on
Germanicus hastened to his rescue, overcame the be- the Lippe, was besieged, he hastened to its desiegers, and not only liberated Segestes, but gained fence; but on his arrival, found that the besiegers
possession of his daughter, Thusnelda (Strab. had dispersed. However, he was not left without
vii. p. 292), a woman of lofty spirit, who sym- employment. The mound erected to the memory
pathised with the patriotic feelings of her husband of the legions of Varus had been thrown down by
Arminius. Again Germanicus conducted the army the Germans; and an ancient altar, built in honour
victoriously back to its quarters, and, at the direc- of his father, was in a state'of dilapidation. These
tion of Tiberius, took the title of Imperator. he restored and repaired. The causeways between
Arminius, enraged beyond endurance at the cap- Aliso and the Rhine were in want of new moats
tivity of his wife, who was then pregnant, roused and landmarks. These works he completed.
to war not only the Cherusci, but all the adjoining The fleet being now ready, he entered the canal
tribes. Germanicus made a division of his forces, of his father, Drusus, whom he invoked to favour
in order to divide the force of the enemy. The his enterprise; and after sailing through the Zuyinfantry were conducted by Caecina through the dersee to the ocean, landed at Amisia, a place near
Bructeri, the cavalry by Pedo through the borders the mouth of the river Amisia(Ems), on the left bank.
of Friesland, while Germanicus himself, with four He then marched upward along the course of the
legions, embarked in a flotilla, and sailed by the river, leaving his fleet' behind. Arminius was on
Lacus Flevus (the Zuydersee) to the Ocean, and the further side of the Weser, in command of the
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