A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

GEN ETYLLI&S. GENIUS. 241
&c.; Leo Allatius, De Georgiis, No. 55; Wharton (Aristoph. Nub. 52, with the' Schol.), and as a
in Appendix to Cave, Jist. Lit. p. 141; Boivin, distinct divinity and a companion of Aphrodite.
~Acadenie des Belles Letres, vol. ii. p. 716; Ham- (Suidas.) Genetyllis was also considered as a surberger, NachricHen t von den vornelsmsten Schbift- name of Artemis, to whom women sacrificed dogs.
stellern, vol. iv. p. 712, &c.) [WV. P.] (Hesych. s. v. rEYETUvxiA Aristoph. Lys. 2.) We
GENE'SIUS (reveaios), that is, " the father," also find the plural, rEVEsvAAXbes, or revealSes, as
a surname of Poseidon, under which he had a class of divinities presiding over generation and
a sanctuary near Lerna, on the sea-coast. (Paus. birth, and as companions of Aphrodite Colias.
ii. 38. ~ 4.) The name is identical in meaning (Aristoph. Thesmopl. 130; Paus. i. 1. ~ 4; Alciph.
with Genethlius (-yeveOAtos), under which the same iii. 2; comp. Bentley ad Hor. Carm. Saec.
od had a sanctuary at Sparta. (Pans. iii. 15. 16.) [L.S.]
7.) [L. S.] GE'NITRIX, that is, " the mother," is used by
GENE'SIUS, JOSE'PHUS, or JOSE'PHUS Ovid (Met. xiv. 536) as a surname of Cybele, in
BYZANTI'NUS, a Byzantine writer who lived the place of mater, or magna mater, but it is better
in the middle of the tenth century, is the author known, in the religious history of Rome,. as a surof.a Greek history, which he wrote by order of the name of. Venus, to whom J. Caesar dedicated a
emperor Constantine (VII.) Porphyrogenitus. temple at Rome, as the mother of the Julia gens.
This history, which is divided into four books, and (Suet. Caes. 61, 78, 84; Serv. ad Aen. i. 724.)
is entitled BatiAEhtov Bila A, begins with the In like manner, Elissa (Dido), the founder of Caryear 813, and contains the reigns of Leo V., the thage, is called Genitrix. (Sil. Ital. i.. 81.) [L.-S.]
Armenian, Michael II., the Stammerer, Theophi- GE'NIUS, a protecting spirit, analogous to the
lus, Michael III., and Basil I., the Macedonian, guardian angels invoked by the Church of Rome.
who died in 886. The work-of Genesius is short, The belief in such spirits existed both in Greece
and altogether a poor compilation, or extract; but and at Rome. The Greeks called them 8alAoves,
as it contains the events of a period of Byzantine daemons, and appear to have believed in them
history, of which we have but scanty information, from the earliest times, though Homer does not
it is nevertheless of importance. A MS. of this mention them. Hesiod (Op. et Dies, 235) speaks'
work was discovered at Leipzig in the sixteenth of BaLfIovrs, and says that they were 30,000 in
century, and attracted the attention of scholars. number, and that they dwelled on earth unseen by
Godfrey Olearius translated it into Latin, but mortals, as the ministers of Zeus, and as the guaideath prevented him from publishing his trans- dians of men and of justice. - He further conceives
lation. It has been said that there was an edition them to be the souls of the righteous men who
Df Gepesius of 1570, published at Venice, but this lived in the golden age of the world. (Op. et Dies,
is a mistake. The first edition was published at 107; comp. Diog. Laert. vii. 79 ) The Greek
Venice by the editors of the Venetian Collection philosophers took iip this idea, and developed a
if the Byzantines, in 1733, in fol., under the title complete theory of daemons. Thus we read in%;' Josephi Genesii de Rebus Constantinopolitanis, Plato (Phaedr. p. 107), that daemons are assigned
Ekc., Libri IV.," with a Latin translation by to men at the moment of their birth, that thenceBergler. The editors perused the Leipzig MS. forward they accompany men through life, and that
nentioned above, but they mutilated and misun- after death they conduct their souls to. Iades.
lerstood the text. The best edition is by Lach- Pindar, in several passages, speaks of a 7ye;40/Ako
nann in the Bonn edition of the Byzantines, 1834, 8alfiwv, that is, the spirit watching over the fate of
Ivo. Joannes Scylitza is the only earlier writer man from the hour of his birth, which appears to
who mentions the name of Genesius. Fabricius be the same as the dii genitales of the Romans. (01.
hlows that it is a mistake to suppose that Josephus viii. 16, xiii. 101, Pyth. iv. 167;:comp. Aeschyl.
Jenesius and Josephus Byzantinus were two differ- Sept. 639.) The daemons are further described as;nt persons. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. p. 529; the ministers and companions of the gods,'who
-ave,. Hist. Lit. vol. ii. p. 97; Hamberger, Na- carry the prayers of men to the gods, and the
lhrich]ten von den vornelmsten Schr/iJstellern, vol. gifts of the gods to men (Plat. Symapos. p. 202;
ii. p. 686.) [W. P.] Appul. de Deo Socrat. 7), and accordingly float in
CGEN'ETAEUS (revr7rafos), a surname of Zeus, immense numbers in the space between heaven and
vhich he derived-from Cape Genetus on the Eux- earth. The daemons, however,' who'were exclune, where he was worshipped as eiSevwos, i. e. sively the ministers of the gods, seem to have con-' the hospitable," and where he had a sanctuary. stituted a distinct class; thus, the Corybantes,
Apollon. Rhod. ii. 378, 1009; Val. Flacc. v. Dactyls, and Cabeiri are called the ministering.48; Strab. xii. p. 548.) [L. S.] daemons of the great gods (Strab. x. p. 472);
GENE'THLIUS (rveeOxios), of Patrae, in Gigon, Tychon, and Orthages are the daemons of
)alestine, a Greek rhetorician, who lived between Aphrodite (Hesych. s. v. rIyv. v'; Tzetz. ad Lyhe reigns of the emperors Philippus and Constan- cophr. 538); Hadreus, the daemon of' Demeter
ine. He was a pupil of Mucianus and Agapetus, (Etym. Magn. s. v.'Adpe's), and Acratus, the daelid taught rhetoric at Athens, where he died at mon of Dionysus. (Pans. i. 2. ~ 4.)' It should, howhe early age of twenty-eight. He was al enemy ever, be observed that all daemons were divided;nd a rival of his countryman Callinicus. Suidas into two great classes, viz. good and evil daemons.
s. v. rev0hAros), to whom we are indebted for this The works which contain most information on
nformation, enumerates a variety of works which this interesting' subject are Appuleius, De Deo
ienethlius wrote, declamatiors, panegyrics,' and Socratis, and Plutarch, De Genio Socratis, and De' ommentaries on Demosthenes; but' not a trace of Defecte Oraculorum. Later writers apply the term
hem has come down to us. (Comp. Eudoc. p. 100; 8atzoves also to the souls of the departed. (Lucian,
lesych. Miles. s. v. reve0Alos.) [L. S.] De Mort. Pereg. 36; Dorville, ad Chariton. i. 4.).
GENETYLLIS (reve'rvAhis), the protectress of The Romans seem to have received their theory
irths, occurs both as a surname of. Aphrodite concerning the genii from the Etruscans, though
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