A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

232 GAZA: GAZA.
vol. v. p. 942, and under their best form in the whose favour he was recommended by Panormita,
edition of Philastrius by Galeardus, fol. Brix. the king's secretary. On the death of Alfonso
1738. [W. R.] (A. D. 1458), he returned to Rome, where he reGAU'RADAS (ravpSdas), the author of an epi- mained, under the patronage of Cardinal Bessarion,
gram in the Greek Anthology, in the Doric dialect, by whose recommendation he was provided with a
of that fanciful kind in which an echo is made to benefice in the southern part of the kingdom of
repeat the last word of the line, and thus to return Naples; according to some statements, in Apulia,
an answer to its sense.' The first two, out of the according to others in the country of the Bruttii, i. e.
six lines of the epigram, may serve for an ex- inCalabria. The benefice was itselfsmall;and the
ample: — fraud or carelessness of those who received the income for him (as he continued to reside at Rome),'AXac pIAa po arvyTtaraveodv'ri. —rl; made it still less. Disappointed in the hope of a'Ep6 icopic'tas' d 8e' t' oi 4patei.-cpLAei. reward for his literary labours (especially for his
translations of Aristotle's De Historia Animalium)
Nothing more is known of-Gauradas. [P. S.] from the Pope (Sixtus IV.), whose niggardly recomGA'VIUS or GA'BIUS, a name which occurs pense he is said to have thrown indignantly into the
in some Roman municipia. Cicero mentions at Tiber, he retired (according to the accountmost comleast three persons of this name:- monly received) to his benefice, and there ended his
1. P. GavIus, of Cosa, crucified by Verres (Cic. days. He was certainly buried there. Hody has,
c. Verr. v. 61 ). however) shown reason to doubt the truth of the story
2. T. GAVIUS CAEPIO, a man of wealth and of his indignation at the Pope's niggardliness (alrank, whose son was tribune of the soldiers in the though this niggardliness is made the subject of an
army of Bibulus in Syria, B. c. 50 (ad Att. v. 20. indignant remonstrance by Melancthon, and of some
~ 4). bitter verses by Jul. Caes. Scaliger); and several
3. L. GAvIvs, who attended to the business of authorities of the period in which he lived state
Brutus in Cappadocia, when Cicero was proconsul that he died at Rome. It is remarkable that the
in Cilicia, and to whom Cicero offered a praefecture place of the death of a man so eminent should be
at the request of Brutus. Cicero, however, com- thus doubtful. Melchior Adam (Vitae Germanor.
plains bitterly of the disrespectful behaviour of Philosopl., ed. 3d, p. 7) states that Rudolphus
Gavius, and calls him " canis P. Clodii." (ad Att. Agricola heard him (A. D. 1476 or 1477) " Arivi. 1. ~ 4, 3. ~ 6.) Whether he is the same as stotelis scripta enarrantem;" an obscure expression,
the Gavius of Firmum (ad Att. iv. 8. b. ~ 3) can- but which, if founded in fact, shows that he must
not be determined. have at least paid a visit to Ferrara during or after
Three persons of this name likewise occur in the his second residence at Rome. His death occurred
history of Roman literature: — A. D. 1478, when he must have been far advanced
1. GAVIUs APicIus. [APicIUS, No 2.) in years.
2. GAVIvs BAssus. [BAssus.] The ability and learning of Theodore Gaza re3. GAVIUS SILO, a rhetorician, mentioned by ceived the highest praise in his own and the sucthe elder Seneca. (Senec. Controv. v. Praef.) ceeding age. His accurate acquaintance with the
GAZA, THEODO'RUS, one of the latest of Latin language, and his ready and elegant employthe scholars and writers of theByzantine empire, was ment of it, made it doubtful whether his Latin
a native, not of Athens, as some have erroneously versions of Greek writers or his Greek versions of
supposed, but of Thessalonica; and on the capture Latin writers were the more excellent. Hody has
of that city by the Turks (A. D. 1430), he fled into collected the eulogies passed upon him in prose and
Italy. He appears to have gone first to Mantua, verse by many scholars, including Politian, Eraswhere he studied the Latin tongue, under Victo- mus, Xylander, Jul. Caes., and Jos. Scaliger, Merinus of Feltre, who was then teaching at Mantua. lancthon, and Huet. He was, however, severely
In A. D. 1439 he was at the council of Florence; criticised in his own day by Georgius Trapezuntius
and in 1440 he was at Sienna. He afterwards and his son Andreas. He had incurred the enmity
settled at Ferrara, where he was appointed rector of George by making new Latin versions of
and professor of Greek in the Gymnasium on writings which George had already translated;
its establishment (which took place under duke and Politian, though elsewhere the eulogist of
Lionel, who occupied the duchy from 1441 to Theodore, charges him with having concealed the
1450); and, by his talents and reputation, attracted obligations which he owed to the versions of his
students thither from all parts of Italy. At Fer- predecessor.
rara he composed his elements of grammar. It has His works are as follows: 1. rpacSLgaALIs E Eiaabeen said that before this appointment he was re-'yWay7rs ad Eis reiaoapa, or Introductivae Gramnduced to the greatest destitution; but this is matices Libri IV. This Greek grammar was first
doubtful, though he has himself recorded that he printed by Aldus Manutius at Venice A. D. 1495:
gained his subsistence at one time by transcribing it long enjoyed a high reputation, and was rebooks; and a copy of the Politica of Aristotle peatedly reprinted, entire or in separate portions.
and of the Iliad of Homer, transcribed by him, A Latin version was also made of the first and
were, a century since, and perhaps still are, extant second books by Erasmus, and of the other parts by
at Venice. others. 2. Ifepi MrtvcS, or De Mensibus, a treatise on
In 1450 he was, with several other Greeks, the months of the Athenian calendar, first printed,
invited to Rome by Pope Nicholas V., and with the grammar, by Aldus, as above. This also
was employed in translating the works of Greek has been repeatedly reprinted, either by itself, or
authors into Latin. After the death of Ni- with a Latin version by Perellus; the version has
cholas, Theodore went (A. D. 1456) to Naples, also been separately printed, and is inserted in the
where he obtained an honourable appointment Tlesaurus of Gronovius. (Vol. ix. col. 977-1016.)
from the king, Alfonso the Magnanimous, to 3. Ilepi'ApXato'yovias To6ptcw,, Epistola ad France