A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

GAUDENTIUS. GAUDENTIUS. 231
the forces under his command, on whose attach- him except one or two points which we may gather
ment he deemed that he could rely, and entered from the treatise which bears -his name.:In his
into an alliance with Acoris, king of Egypt, and theory Gaudentius follows the doctrines of Ariswith the Lacedaemonians, who gladly embraced toxenus, whence it is inferred that he lived before
the opportunity to renew hostilities against Persia. the time of Ptolemy, whose views seem to have
But in the midst of his preparations, Gaos was cut been unknown to him. His treatise bears the title
off by secret assassination. (Diod. xv. 3, 9, 18.) Eiaoaycy7o dppovlrKc4; it treats of the elements of
It is undoubtedly the same person who is called by music, of the voice, of sounids, intervals, systems,
Polyaenus (vii. 20) Glos (rkAs), whom that author &c., and forms an introduction to the study of
mentions as carrying on war in Cyprus. There is music which seems to have enjoyed some reputation
some doubt, indeed, which is the more correct form in antiquity. Cassiodorus (Divin. Lect. 8) menof the name. (See Casaubon, ad Polyaen. 1. c.; tions it with praise, and tells us that one of his
Wesseling, ad Diod. xv. 3.) [E. H. B.] contemporaries, Mutianus, had made a Latin transGA'RANUS, a shepherd of gigantic bodily lation of it for the use of schools. This translation
strength, who is said to have come from Greece is, however, lost. The Greek original is printed
into Italy in the reign of Evander, and slew with notes and a Latin translation in Meibom's
Cacus. (Serv. ad Aen. viii. 203.) Aurelius Victor Antiq. Musicae Scriptores. (Comp. Fabr.'Bibl.
(Orig. Gent. Rom. 6) calls him Recaranus, but both Graec. vol. iii. p. 647, &c.) [L. S.]
writers agree in identifying him with the Greek GAUDE'NTIUS, the pupil and friend of PhiHeracles. [L. S.] lastrius [PHILASTRIUS], was, upon the death of
GARGI'LIUS MARTIA'LIS. [MARTIALIS.] his master, elected to the vacant see of Brescia by
GA'RGARUS (rdpyapos), a son of Zeus, from the united voice of both clergy and laity. Having
whom the town and mountain of Gargara in Mysia received intelligence of his elevation while travelwere believed to have derived their name. (Steph. ling in the east, he sought to decline the responByz. s. v. rdp-yapa.) [L. S.] sibility of the sacred office. But being warmly
C. GARGO'NIUS, a Roman eques, whom Cicero pressed by Ambrose, and threatened at the same
calls an unlearned rabulist, but a very fluent and time with excommunication by the oriental bishops
shrewd speaker. (Brut. 48). A different person of in case he should persist in a refusal, his scruples
the same name is ridiculed by Horace. (Sat. i. 2. were at length overcome. The most remarkable
27, 4. 92.) It must be observed that in many MSS. event of his subsequent career was the embassy
and editions his name is written Gorgonius instead which he undertook to the court of Arcadius, in
of Gargonius. There is also a rhetorician of the A. D. 405, in behalf of Chrysostom, who has comname of Gargonius or Gorgonius (some read Gar- memorated with eloquent gratitude this mark of
gius), who is mentioned by Seneca, but is other- attachment, although it was productive of no
wise unknown. (Controv. i. 7, iv. 24, Seasor. happy result. The year in which Gaudentius was
7.) [L. S.] born is unknown, as well as that in which he was
GA'RIDAS, a Graeco-Roman jurist, said by raised to the episcopate, and that in which he died.
Nic. Comnenus Papadopoli (who calls him Garidas Tillemont fixes upon A. D. 410 as the period of his
Leo) to have been a judex veli. (Praenot. Mystag. decease, while by others it is brought down as low
p. 15, 371, 400, 407.) He wrote, concerning ho- as 427.
micides and those who take refuge in sanctuaries, The extant works of Gaudentius consist of
to Constantinus Ducas (reigned A. D. 1059-1067), twenty-one discourses (sermones), simple in style,
not Michael Ducas, as stated by Bach and by but devoid of all grace or felicity of expression,
Pohl (ad Suares. Notit. Basil. p. 140. n.'; Basil. deeply imbued with allegorical phantasies and
ed. Fabrot. vol. vii. p. 693.) He also wrote a farfetched conceits, exhibiting little to please or to
treatise concerning actions in alphabetical order, in instruct. Of these ten were preached during
which arrangement he was afterwards imitated by Easter (Paschales), and were committed to writing
Psellus. (Basil. vol. ii. p. 548, 556, 574, 651, 652, at the request, of Benevolus, a distinguished memvol. iii. p. 78, 115, 249, 353, 389, 391, vol. vii. ber of the congregation, who had been precluded
p. 651, 914; Assemani, Bibl. Jur. Or. ii. 20. by-sickness from being present; five are upon rep. 41 1; Heimbach, De Basil. Orig. p. 73; Zacha- markable texts in Scripture, but not connected with
riae, Hist. Jur. Gr. Rom. Delin. ~ 43.) [J. T. G.] each other; one is the address delivered on the
GAUDA, a Numidian, was son of Mastanabal, day of his ordination (De Ordinatione sui) before
grandson of Masinissa, and half-brother to Jugur- St. Ambrose, who officiated on that occasion; one
tha, and had been named by his uncle Micipsa as is on the dedication of the church (De Dedicaheir. to the kingdom, should Adherbal, Hiempsal, tione Basilicae) built to receive the relics of forty
and Jugurtha die without issue. In the Jugur- martyrs; two are in the form of epistles; the first
thine war he joined the Romans. Sallust repre- Ad Germinium on the obligation of almsgiving,
sents him as weak alike in body and in mind; and the second Ad Paulum Diaconum on the words of
Marius therefore, when (in B. C. 108) he was en- St. John's Gospel, " My father is greater than I,"
deavouring to form a party for himself against misinterpreted by the Arians; the remaining two,
Metellus, whom he wished to supersede in the De Petro et Paulo, and De Vita et Obitu Philastrii,
command, had little difficulty in gaining Gauda, to were first added in the edition of Galeardus.
whom Metellus had refused certain marks of ho- The Rythmas de Philastrio, Liber de Singutlarite
nour, to which, as king-presumptive, the Numidian Clericoram, and the Commentarii in Symbolunz,
conceived himself entitled. (Sall. Jug. 65; comp. which have been ascribed to various fathers, cerPint. Mar. 7, 8.) [E. E.] tainly do not belong to Gaudentius.
GAUDE'NTIUS, the author of an elementary The collected writings of Gaudentius were first
treatise on music, which is written in Greek. No published in the Patrum Monumenta Orthodoxograr
information whatever has come down to us con- pha of J. J. Grynaeus, fol. Bas. 1569, will be found
cerning him, and we are in utter ignorance about also in the Bibl. PaIr, Max. fol. Lug. Bat. 1677,. 4