A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

230 GANYMEDES. GAOS.
47, when, at the head of the Chauci, he passed up 266, Hymnn. in Ven. 202, &c.; Apollod. ii.. ~ 9
the Rhine, and ravaged the western bank of the Paus. v. 24. ~ 1), and Hermes, who took the
river. His inroads were'stopped by Cn. Domitius horses to Tros, at the same time comforted him by
Corbulo [CoRBUIo ], into whose hands Gannascus informing him that by the will of Zeus, Ganymedes
was betrayed, and executed as a deserter. (Tac. had become immortal and exempt from old age.
Ann. xi. 18, 19.) [W. B. D.] Other writers state that the compensation which
GANNYS, distinctly mentioned by Dion Cas- Zeus gave to Tros consisted of a golden vine.
sins in the thirty-eighth and thirty-ninth chapters of (Schol. ad Eurip. Orest. 1399; Eustath. ad Horn.
book seventy-eight as an active supporter of Ela- p. 1697.) The idea of Ganymedes being the cupgabalus, being classed in the latter passage with bearer of Zeus (urniger) subsequently gave rise
Comazon, is believed to be the person whose name to his identification with the divinity who was
has dropped out of the text at the commencement believed to preside over the sources of the Nile
of the sixth chapter in book seventy-nine, who is (Philostr. Vit. Apoll. vi. 26; Pind. Fragm. 110.
there represented as the preceptor and guardian of ed. B6ckh.), and of his being placed by asElagabalus, as the individual who by his astuteness tronomers among the stars under the name of
and energy accomplished the overthrow of Macri- Aquarius. (Eratosth. Catast. 26; Virg. Georg.
nus, and as one of the first victims of the youthful iii. 304; Hygin. Fab. 224; Poet. Astr. ii. 29.)
tyrant after he was seated upon the throne. Sal-' Ganymedes was frequently represented in works of
masius (ad'Spartian. Hadrian. 16) endeavours to art as a beautiful youth with the Phrygian cap.
show that Gannys and Comazon are not real per- He appears either as the companion of Zeus (Paus.
sonages, but epithets of contempt applied by the v. 24. ~ 1), or in the act of being carried off by an
historian to the profligate Syrian, whose sensuality eagle, or of giving food to an eagle from a patera.
and riotous folly would cause him to be designated The Romans called Ganymedes by a corrupt form
as rdcyv ical Kwpdoes'Ta (i. e. glutton and reveller). of his name Catamitus. (Plaut. Men. i. 2. 34.)
This position has, however, been most successfully Ganymedes was an appellation sometimes given
attacked by Reimnarus (ad Dion. Cass. lxxviii. 38), to handsome slaves who officiated as cupbearers.
and is unquestionably quite untenable. [Co- (Petron. 91; Martial, Epigr. ix. 37; Juv. v.
M.zoN.] [W. R.] 59.) [L. S.]
GANYME'DES (ravlmn'6bns). According to GANYME'DES (ravAu7iur7s). 1. Governor of
Homer and others, he was a son of Tros by Calir- Aenoas, in Thrace, while the town and district berhoe, and a brother of Ilus and Assaracus; being longed to Ptolemy Philopater, king of Egypt.
the most beautiful of all mortals, he was carried off (Polyb. v. 34.) Ganymedes betrayed Aenos to
by the gods that he might fill the cup of Zeus, and Philip II., king of Macedonia, B. c. 200. (Liv. xxxi.
live among the eternal gods. (Hom. I1. xx. 231, 16.)
&c.; Pind. 01. 1. 44, xi. in fin.; Apollod. iii. 12. 2. A eunuch attached to the Egyptian court,
~ 2.) The traditions about Ganymedes, however, and tutor of Arsinoii, youngest daughter of Ptodiffer greatly in their detail, for some call him a lemy Auletes. [ARSINOE, No. 6.] Towards the
son of Laomedon (Cic. Tzisc. i. 22; Eurip. Troad. end of B. c. 48 Ganymedes accompanied Arsinoe'
822), others a son of Ilus (Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 34), in her flight from Alexandria to the Aegyptian
and others, again, of Erichthonius or Assaracus. camp; and, after assassinating their leader, Achillas
(Hygin. Fdb. 224, 271.) The manner in which he [ACHILLAS], he succeeded to the command of the
was carried away from the earth is likewise differ- troops, whose favour he had secured by a liberal
ently described; for while Homer mentions the donative. Ganymedes, by his skilful *dispositions
gods in general, later writers state that Zeus him- and unremitting attacks, greatly distressed and
self carried him off, either in his natural shape, endangered Caesar, whom he kept besieged in the
or in the form of an eagle, oi that he sent his eagle upper city of Alexandria. By hydraulic wheels,
to fetch Ganymedes into heaven. (Apollod. 1. c.; he poured sea-water into the tanks and reservoirs
Virg. Aen. v. 253; Ov, Met. x. 255; Lucian, of the Roman quarter; cut off Caesar's communiDial. Deor. 4.) Other statements of later date cation with his fleet, equipped two flotillas from
seem to be no more than arbitrary interpretations the docks, the guardships, and the trading vessels,
foisted upon the genuine legend. Thus we are told and twice encountered Caesar, once in the roadthat he was not carried off by any god, but either stead, and once in the inner harbour of Alexandria.
by Tantalus or Minos, that he was killed during But after her brother Ptolemy joined the insurthe chase, and buried on the' Mysian Olympus. gents, the power of Arsinog declined, and Gany(Steph. Byz. s.v.'Aprtyfa; Strab. xiii. p. 587; medes disappears from history. (Hirt. Bell. Alex.
Eustath, ad Holn. pp. 986, 1205.) One tradition, 4-24; Dion Cass. xlii. 39-44; Lucan, x. 520
which has a somewhat more genuine appearance, -531.) [W. B. D.]
stated that he was carried off by Eos. (Schol. -ad GAOS (races), the commander of the Persian
Apollon. Rhod. iii. 115.) There is, further, no fleet, in the great expedition sent by Artaxerxes
agreement as to the place where the event occurred. against Evagoras in Cyprus, B. c. 386. In this
(Strab., Steph. Byz. 11. cc., Horat. Carm. iii. 20, in situation he was subordinate to Tiribazus, whose
fin.) The early legend simply states that Gany- daughter he had married, and who held the chief
medes was carried off that he might be the cup- command by sea; but he contributed essentially
bearer of Zeus, in which office he was conceived to to the success of the war, and totally defeated the
have- succeeded Hebe (comp. Diod. iv. 75; Virg. fleet of Evagoras off Citium. But the protracted
Aen. i. 28): but later writers describe him as the siege of Salamis having given rise to dissensions
beloved and favourite of Zeus, without allusion to among the generals, which led to the recal of Tihis office. (Eurip. Orest. 1392; Plat. P/laedr. p. ribazus, Gaos became apprehensive of being in255; -Xenoph. Syrup. viii. 30; Cic. Tuse. iv. 33.) volved in his disgrace, and determined to revolt
Zeus compensated the father for his loss with the from the Persian king. Accordingly, after the
present of a pair of divine horses (Hom. A.l v. termination of the Cyprian war, he kept together