A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

GALLITS. GANNASCUS. 229
the autumn of the year following, when Aemilius future forbearance. The disgrace inflicted on. the
Paullus went on an excursion into Greece, he left Roman name by this shameful concession excited
the command of the Roman camp in the hands of the indignation of the whole nation, while the
his friend; but the latter must soon after have suicidal folly of the humiliating compact was soon
returned to Rome, for he was elected consul for the manifested. For scarcely had the provinces enyear B. C. 166. In his consulship he carried on a joyed one short year of tranquillity, when fresh
successful war against the Ligurians, who were hordes from the north and east, tempted by the
reduced to submission. On his return to Rome he golden harvest which their brethren had reaped,
was honoured with a triumph. C. Sulpicius Gallus poured down upon the Illyrian border. They were,
appears to have been one of the most extraordinary however, driven back with great loss by Aemilia-.
men of his time; Cicero in several passages speaks nus, general of the legions in.Moesia, whose triof him in terms of the highest praise: he had a umphant troops forthwith proclaimed him Augusmore perfect knowledge of Greekthan any man of his tus. Gallus, upon receiving intelligence of this
time, he was a distinguished orator, and altogether unexpected peril, despatched Valerianus [VALEa person of an elegant and refined mind. His know- RIANUS] to quell the rebellion; but while the
ledge of astronomy, which is frequently mentioned by latter was employed in collecting an army from
Cicero, is attested by his predicting, with accuracy, Germany and Gaul, Aemilianus, pressing forwards,
the eclipse of the moon, which was visible in had already entered Italy. Compelled by the urGreece. (Liv. xliii. 2, 13, 16, 17, xliv. 37, xlv. gency of the danger, Gallus, accompanied by Volu27, 44, Epit. 46; Plin. H. N. ii. 12; J. Obseq. sianus rVoLvsIANus], whom he had previously
71; Didasc. of Terent. Andria; Cic. Brut. 20, 23, invested with all the imperial dignities, marched
de Re Publ. i. 14, 15, de Snect. 14, de Amic. 27, forth to meet his rival, but before any collision
de Of. i. 6.) had taken place between the opposing armies,
3. Q. SULPICIUS GALLUS, a son of No. 2, died both father and son were slain by their own
at an early age, and his death was borne by his soldiers, who despaired of success under such
father with great fortitude. (Cic. de Orat. i. 53, leaders. The precise date of this event has given
Brat. 23, de Amic. 2, 6, ad Fam. iv. 6,) rise to controversy among chronologers, some of
4. C. GALLUS (some read Gallius), a Roman whom fix upon the-year 253, and others upon that
senator mentioned by Cicero (in Verr. iii. 65), but of 254.
it is uncertain whether he belonged to the Sulpicia The name of Gallus is associated with nothing
or Aquillia gens. [L. S.] but cowardice and dishonour. The hatred and
GALLUS, SURDI'NIUS, a wealthy Roman contempt attached to his memory may have led to
of the time of the emperor Claudius. When Clau- the reports chronicled by Zosimus and Zonaras
dius, in A. D. 46, removed a number of persons that the defeat of Decius was caused by his perfidy,
from the senate, because they had not sufficient and that he subsequently became the murderer of
means to keep up the senatorial dignity, Surdinius Hostilianus [HOSTILIANUS]. In addition to the
Gallus was preparing to go and settle at Carthage, misery produced by the inroads of the barbarians
but Claudius called him back, saying that he would during this reign, great dismay arose from the
tie him with golden chains; and Surdinius was rapid progress of a deadly pestilence which, commade a senator. (Dion Cass. Ix. 29.) [L. S.] mencing in Ethiopia, spread over every region of
GALLUS, TISIE'NUS, a Roman general be- the empire, and continued its ravages for the space
longing to the party of L. Antonius and Fulvia in of fifteen years. (Zonar. xii. 20, 21; Zosim. i,
their war with Octavianus in B.C. 41. When 23-28; Victor, de Caes. 30, Epit. 30; Eutrop.
Octavianus made an attack upon Nursia he was ix. 5; Jornandes, de Reb. Goth. 19.) [W. R.]
repulsed by Tisienus, who had the command in the GALLUS, P. VOLU'MNIUS, with the agnoplace. In B. C. 36 he -joined Sex. Pompeius in men Amintinus, was consul in B. C. 461 with Ser
Sicily with reinforcements; but after the defeat of Sulpicius Camerinus. (Liv. iii. 10; Dionys, x. 1;
Sextus, he surrendered, with his army, to Octavi- Diod. xi. 84; Val. Max, i. 6. ~ 5; Plin. II. N. ii.
anus. (Dion Cass. xlviii. 13, xlix. 8, 10;.Appian, 57.) [L. S.]
B. C. iv. 32, v. 104, 117, 121.) [L. S.] GALVIA, CRISPINILLA. [CRISPINILLA.]
GALLUS, TREBONIA'NUS, Roman em- GAME'LII (?yaruJXoL eol), that is, the diviniperor, A. D. 251-254. ties protecting and presiding over marriage. (PolC. VIBmOs TREBONIANUS GALLUS, whose origin lux, i. 24; Maxim. Tyr. xxvi. 6.) Plutarch
and early history are altogether unknown, held a (Quaest. Rom. 2) says, that those who married
high - command in the army which marched to op- required (the, protection of) five divinities, viz,
pose the first great inroad of the Goths (A.D. 251), Zeus, Hera, Aphrodite, Peitho, and Artemis.
and, according to Zosimus, contributed by his (Comp. Dion Chrys. Orat. vii. p. 568.) But these
treachery to the'disastrous issue of the battle, are not all, for the Moerae too are called heal yawhich proved fatal to Decius and Herennius. [DE- L2Amlu (Spanheim ad Callim. Hynmn. in Dian. 23,
cIvs; HERENNIUS ETRUSCUS.] The empire in Del. 292, 297), and, in fact, nearly all the gods
being thus suddenly left without a ruler, Gallus might be regarded as the protectors of marriage,
was selected, towards the end of November, A. D. though the five mentioned by Plutarch perhaps
251, by both the senate and the soldiers, as the more particularly than others. The Athenians
person best qualified to mount the vacant throne, called their month of Gamelion after these diviniand Hostilianus, the surviving son of the late ties. Respecting the festival of the Gamelia see
prince, was nominated his colleague. The first Diet. of Ant. s. v.: [LS.]
care of the new ruler was to conclude a peace with GANNASCUS, a chief of the Chauci, a Suevian
the victorious barbarians in terms of which they race settled between the Weser (Visurgis) and the
agreed to retire beyond the frontier, on condition Elbe (Albis). Gannascus himself, however, was of
of retaining their plunder and their captives and of Batavian origin, and had long served Rome anmong
receiving a fixed annual tribute as the price of the Batavian auxiliaries. He had deserted in A. I.
a3