A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

226; GALLUS. GALLUS.
the year in which the poet Persius died. (Tac. officers, to investigate the case, and received from
Anan. xiv. 48; Vita Persii.) L. S.] him a report favourable to the Jews, he took no
GALLUS, CANI'NIUS. 1. L. CANINIUS effectual steps either to redress their injuries, or to
GALLUS. His praenomen Lucius is not mentioned prepare for any outbreak into which their disconby Cicero, but is taken from Dion Cassius (Ind. tent might drive them. When at last he found it
lib. 68), who calls his son L. F. He was a con- necessary to act, he marched from Antioch, and,
temporary of Cicero and Caesar. In B. C. 59 he having taken Ptolemais and Lydda, advanced on
and Q. Fabius Maximus accused C. Antonius of Jerusalem. There he drove the Jews into the
repetundae, and Cicero defended the accused. Af- upper part of the city and the precincts of the
terwards, however, Caninius Gallus married the temple; and might, according to Josephus, have
daughter of C. Antonius. In B. c. 56 he was tri- finished the war at once, had he not been dissuaded
bune of the people, and in this capacity endea- by some of his officers from pressing his advantage.
voured to further the objects of Pompey. With a Soon after he unaccountably drew off his forces,
view to prevent P. Lentulus Spinther, then pro- and was much harassed in his retreat by the Jews,
consul of Cilicia, from restoring Ptolemy Auletes who took from him a quantity of spoil. Nero was
to his kingdom, he brought forward a rogation that at the time in Achaia, and Gallus sent messengers
Pompey, without an army, and accompanied only to him to give an account of affairs, and to repreby two lictors, should be sent with the king to sent them as favourably as possible for himself.
Alexandria, and endeavour to bring about a recon- The emperor, much exasperated, commissioned
ciliation between the king and his people. But Vespasian to conduct the war; and the words of
the rogation, if it was ever actually brought for- Tacitus seem to imply that Gallus died before the
ward, was not carried. The year after his tribune- arrival of his successor, his death being probably
ship, B. c. 55, Caninius Gallus was accused, pro- hastened by vexation. (Joseph. Vit. ~ 43, Bell.
bably by M. Colonius, but he was defended by Jud. ii. 14. ~ 3, 16. ~~ 1, 2, 18. ~~ 9, 10, 19. ~~ 1
Cicero, at the request of Pompey. In B. C. 51 he -9, 20. ~ 1, iii. 1; Tac. Hist. v. 10; Suet. Vesp.
was staying in Greece, perhaps as praetor of the 4.) [E. E.]
province of Achaia, for Cicero, who then went to GALLUS, CONSTA'NTIUS, or, with his full
Cilicia, saw him at Athens. During the civil war name, FLAVIUS CLAUDIUS (JULIUS) CONSTANbetween Caesar and Pompey, Caninius Gallus ap- TIUS GALLUS, the son of Julius Constantius and
pears to have remained neutral. He died in B. C. Galla, grandson of Constantius Chlorus, nephew of
44. He had been connected in friendship with Constantine the Great, and elder brother, by a
Cicero and M. Terentius Varro, whence we may different mother, of Julian the Apostate. (See
infer that he was a man of talent and acquire- Genealogical Table, vol. I. p. 832.) Having been
ments. (Cic. ad Q. Frat. ii. 2, 6, ad Fam. i. 2, 4, spared, in consequence of his infirm health, in the
7, ii. 8, vii. 1, ix. 2, 3, 6, ad Att. xv. 13, xvi.. 14; general massacre of the more dangerous members
Val. Max. iv. 2. ~ 6; Dion Cass. xxxix. 16; of the imperial family, which followed the death of
Plut. Pomp. 49, where he is wrongly called Ca- his uncle, and in which his own father and an
nidius.) elder brother were involved, he was, in A. D. 351,
2. L. CANINIUS, L. F. GALLUS, a son of No. 1, named Caesar by Constantius -I., and left in the
was consul in B. C. 37 with M. Agrippa. He is east to repel the incursions of the Persians. The
mentioned in the coin annexed, which belongs to principal events of his subsequent career, and the
B. C. 18 as a triumvir monetalis. The obverse re- manner of his death, which happened A. D. 354,
presents the head of Augustus, and the reverse a are detailed elsewhere. [CONSTANTIUS II., p. 848.]
Parthian kneeling, presenting a standard, with The appellation of Gallus was dropped upon his
L. CANINIVS GALLVS IIIVIR. (Fasti; Dion Cass. elevation to the rank of Caesar (Victor, de Cues.
index, lib. 48, and xlviii. 49; Borghesi, in the 42), and hence numismatologists have experienced
Giornale Arcadico, vol. xxvi, p. 66, &c.) considerable difficulty in separating the medals oI
this prince from those of his cousin, Constantius;M o'" o ~ ~ o \ II., struck during the lifetime of Constantine the
Great, since precisely the same designation, CON-.
STANTIXUS CAESAR, is found applied to both.
Several- of the coins of Gallus, however, have the
epithet IVN. (junior) appended by way of distinction, and others are known by FL. CL., ol
FL. IVL:, being prefixed, since these names do nol
appear to have been ever assumed by the elder
3. L. CANINIUS GALLUS was consul suffectus Constantius. For more delicate methods of discriin B. C. 2, in the place of M. Plautius Silvanus. mination where the above tests fail, see Eckhel.
(Fasti.) [L. S.] vol. viii. p. 124. [W. R.]
GALLUS, C. CE'STIUS, with the agnomen GALLUS, C. CORNE'LIUS (Eutropius, vii
Camerinus, a Roman senator of the time of the 10, erroneouslycalls him Cneins), a contemporar)
emperor Tiberius, was consul in A. D. 35, with M. of Augustus, who -distinguished himself as a ge.
Servilius Nonianus. (Tac. 4nn. iii. 36, vi. 7, 31; neral, and still more as a poet and an orator. HI
Dion Cass. lviii. 25; Plin. H. N. x. 43.) [L. S.] was a native of Forum Julii (Frejus), in Gaull
GALLUS, CE'STIUS, a son of the preceding, and of very humble origin, perhaps the son of som'
the governor of Syria (legatus, A. D. 64, 65), under freedman either of Sulla or Cinna. Hieronymus, ii
whom the Jews broke out into the rebellion which Eusebius, states that Gallus died at the age of forts
ended in the destruction of their city and temple (others read forty-three); and as we know fion
by Titus. Maddened by the tyranny of Gessius Dion Cassius (liii. 23) that he died in B. C. 26, hi
Florus, they applied to Gallus for protection; must have been born either in B. C. 66 or 69. 11i
but, though he sent Neapolitanus, one of his appears to have gone to Italy at an early age, anm