A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

GALENUS. GALERIANUTS. 217
ineness. 144. De Sdbfiguratione Empirrca (vol. ii. scepticism who asserted that no such thing as cer-ed. Chart.). 145. lepl'E0cv,, De Consuetudinibus tainty could be attained in any science, but was,(vol. vi. ed. Chart.); of doubtful genuineness. content to-suspend his judgment on those matters
-146. IIepl tAoio$qeou'Ioropfas, De Historia Phi- which were not capable of observation, as, for inlosop~lsca (vol. xix.). This is Plutarch's work De stance, the nature of the human soul, respecting:Philosophlorum Decretis, with a few trifling:altera- which he confessed he was still in doubt, and had
tions. 147. "Opoi'Ia'pKcot[, Definitiones Ml1edicae not even been able to attain to a probable opinion.
(vol. xix.); of doubtful genuineness. 148. De (De Foet. Form. vol. iv. p. 700.) The fullest acPartibus Artis Medicae vol. ii. ed. Chart.); of count of Galen's philosophical opinions is given by:doubtful genuineness. 149. "'Oi ati o01'T71Oes Kurt Sprengel in his Beitraige zur Gesch~ic/kte der'AroScLaT'oi, Quod Qualitates Incorporeae sint (vol. llffedicin, who thinks he has not hitherto been placed
xix.); spurious. in the rank he deserves to hold: and to this the
No one has ever set before the medical profession reader is referred for further particulars.
a higher standard of perfection than Galen, and *A list of the fragments, short spurious works,
few, if any, have more nearly approached it in and- lost and unpublished writings of Galen, are
their own person. He evidently appears from his given in Kiihn's edition.
works to have been a most accomplished and Respecting Galen's personal history, see Phil.
learned man, and one of his short essays (~ 107.) Labbei, Elogium Chronologicumr Galeni; and, Vita
is written to inculcate the necessity of a physician's Galeni ex propriis Operibus collecta, Paris, 1660,
being acquainted with other branches of knowledge 8vo.; Ren, Chartier's Life, prefixed to his edition
-besides merely medicine. Of his numerous philoso- of Galen; Dan. Le Clerc, Hist. de la i'decine;
phical writings the greater part are lost; but his ce- J. A. Fabricii Bibliothl. Graeca. In the new edition
lebrity in logic and metaphysics appears to have the article was revised and rewritten by J. C. G.
been great among the ancients, as he is mentioned Ackermann; and this, with some additions by
in company with Plato and Aristotle by his con- the editor, is prefixed by Kiihn to his edition of
temporary, Alexander Aphrodisiensis. (Comment. in Galen. - Kurt Sprengel, Geschicihte der ArzneylAristot. " Topica,'5 viii. 1. p. 262, ed. Venet. 1513.) kunde, translated into French by Jourdan.
-Alexander is said by the Arabic historians to have His writings and opinions are discussed by
-been personally acquainted with Galen, and to have Jac. Brucker, in his Hist. Crit. Plhilosopkl.; Alb.
nicknamed him Mule's Hlead, on account of " the von Haller, in his Bibliot]i. Botan., Biblioth. Chistrength of his head in argument and disputation." rTur#., and Bibliot]A. Medic. Pract.; Le Clerc and
(Casiri, Bibliot/h. Arabico-Hisp. Escur. vol. i. p. Sprengel, in their Histories of Medicine; Spren243; Abh-l-Faraj, Hist.:Dynast. p. 78.) Galen had gel, in his Beitrigye zur Geschichte der Medicina
profoundly studied the logic of the Stoics and of Some of the most useful works for those who are
Aristotle: he wrote a Commentary on the whole studying Galen's own writings, are,- Andr. Laof the Organon (except perhaps the Topica), and cunae Epitome Galeni, Basil. 1551, fol., and
his other works on Logic amounted to about thirty, several times reprinted.; Ant. Musa Brassavoli
of which only one short essay remains, viz. De So- Index in Operac Galeni, forming one of the volumes
phismatibus penes Dictionemn, whose genuineness has of the Juntine editions of Galen (a most valubeen considered doubtful. His logical works ap- able work, though unnecessarily prolix); Conr.
pear to have been well known to the Arabic Gesneri Proleyomena to Froben's third edition of:uthors, and to have been translated into that lan- Galen's works.:uage; and it is from Averrois that we learn that The Commentaries on separate works, or on
the fourth figure of a syllogism was ascribed to different classes of his works, are too numerous to
3alen (Eapos. in Porphy:. "Introd." vol. i. p. 56, be here mentioned. -The most complete biblioverso, and p. 63, verso, ed. Venet. 1552); a tra- graphical information respecting Galen will be found
lition which is found in no Greek writer, but in Haller's Bibliothecae, Ackermann's Historic
wrhich, in the absence of any contradictory tes- Literaria, and Choulant's Hcindb. der Biicherkunde
imony, has been generally followed, and has fiir die Aeltere iledicin, and his Biblioth. Medico.:aused the figure to be called by his name. It is, Hlistorica.
iowever, rejected by Averrods, as less natural than Some other physicians that are said to have
he others; and M. Saint Hilaire (De la Logiqze borne the name of Galen, and who are mentioned
l'Aristote) considers that it may possibly have by Fabricius (Bibliot/.. Graec. vol. xiii. p. 166, ed.
)een Galen who gave to this form the name of the vet.), seem to be of doubtful authority. [W. A. G.]
ourth figure, but that, considered as an annex to GALEOTAE. [GALEUS.]
he first (of which it is merely a clumsy and in- GALE'RIA FUNDA'NA, the second wife of,erted form), it had long been known in the Peri- the emperor Vitellius, by whom he had a daughter
watetic School, and was probably received from and a son, Germanicus, who was almost deaf, and
Iristotle himself. was afterwards killed by Mucianus. The father
In Philosophy, as in Medicine, lihe does not ap- of Galeria Fundana had been praetor. She appears,ear to have addicted himself to any particular to have been a woman of a mild and gentle chachool, but to have studied the doctrines of each; racter, for she protected Trachalus, with her bushough neither is he to be called anl eclectic ini the band, against those who had denounced him, and
ame sense as fwere Plotinus, Porphyry, Iambli- she felt very deeply and keenly the brutal dehus, and others. He was most attached to the gradation and cruelty of which Vitellius was guilty.'eripatetic School, to which he often accommo- (Tac. Hist. ii. 59, 60, 64, iii. 66, iv. 80.; Suet.
ates the maxims of the Old Academy. He was Vit. 6; Dion Cass. lxv. 4.) [L. S.]
tr removed from the Neo-Platonists, and with the -GALE'RIA VALE'RIA. [MAxsIMANus.]
illowers of the New Academy, the Stoics, and the GALERIA'NUS, CALPUR'NIUS, was a son,picureans he carried on frequent controversies. of C. Piso, who perished immediately after his adople did not agree with those advocates of universal tion to the empire by Galba, in A. D. 69. Galerianus