A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

2i 6'GALENUS. GALENUS.
have been required by the nature of the disease. the Hippocratic writings, and in old times served
lie appears fo have been rather bold in the use of as a treasure of historical, grammatical, and medical
the lancet, and (as we have seen above, ~ 89.) criticism, from which succeeding annotators, Greek,
thought it necessary to defend his custom in this Latin, and Arabic, borrowed freely. He wrote several
respect against the followers of Erasistratus then other works relating to Hippocrates, some literary
practising at Rome. In cases of emergency lie did and grammatical, and others medical, which are
not hesitate to performnn this operation himself; in now lost, and from which much information regeneral, however, though he had practised surgery specting the Hippocratic collection might have
at Pergamus, when at Rome he followed the been expected. Those which still remain are chiefly
custom of the physicians in that city, and abstained medical, but contain at the same time certain phifrom surgical operations. (Comment. in Hippocr. lological details relating to the various readings
"De Fract." iii. 21. vol. xviii. pt. ii. p. 567, &c.; found in the different MSS., and the explanations
De Meth. Med. vi. 6. vol. x. p. 454.) Accordingly,'of the obscure words and passages given by former
in surgery he has never been considered so high an commentators. His own critical judgment (as far
authority as several of the other old medical as we can form an opinion) appears to have been
writers. sound and judicious. He professes to preserve the
old readings even when more difficult than the more
HPPOCRATES, &. modern, and endeavours to explain them, and never
107. "OT'VApLo'os'Ia'po's Kal 1XAdoqocpos, Quod to have recourse to conjecture when he could avoid
Optimus Medicus sit quoqee Philosophus (vol. i.). it (Comment. in Hippoer. " Epid. VI." i. praef. vol.
This little work, which might at first sight seem xvii. pt. i. p. 794, ii. 49, ibid. p. 1005). M. LittrY, in
rather to belong to the class of philosophical writ- the Introduction to his edition of Hippocrates (vol. i.
ings, is included in this class, because Galen him- p. 121), considers his chief fault to consist not so
self mentions it as one of those which he wrote much in his prolixity as in his desire to support
in defence and explanation of Hippocrates. (De his own theories by the help of the writings of
Libr. Proprs. c. 6, vol. xix. p. 37.) 108. Ilspl T6v Hippocrates; thus neglecting, in- these works, the
scaO''IrlroKpd'7lv:'osXsoe'v, De Elementis secun- theories which do not agree with his own, and
dm fl Hippocratem (vol. i.). 109. Tc6v'I7rlroKpa- unduly exalting those which (like the doctrine of
T~ovs rxwoo-fy'Ec+yqatrs, Hippocratis Dictionum the four humours) form the basis of his own
Exoletarumn ) Explicatio (vol. xix.). 110. rlepl system.'E7r'a-AvoYov Bpecp6v, De Septimestri Partue (vol. v.
ed, Chart.). 111. Commentary on De Natura HoWORKS.
minis (vol. xv.). 112. On De Salubri Victus Ratione
(vol. xv.). 113. On De Acre, Aquis, et Locis (vol. 131. lIepl Aipe'ewv Tro7s Eloayoye'voss, De
vi. ed. Chart.). 114. On De Alimnento (vol. xv.). Sectis ad Tirones, or ad eos qui introducentur (vol. i.)
115. On De Humoribus (vol. xvi.). 116. On the 132. IIpos OpacrnovkAov repl'Apahrls AIpe'eows,
Prognosticon (vol. xviii. pt. ii.). 117. On the De Optima Secta ad T7lrasybulum (vol. i.). 133.
first book of the Draddictiones (or Prorrhletica) (vol. rlepl'ApITrrls lroatnKalaTr, De Optima D)octrina
xvi).- 18; On the first book De Morbis-Popu- (vol. i.) 134. llepl mre 7rapd'n)' AE'Sov Iopolaribus (vol. xvii. pt; i.). 119. On the second uaoirw,, De Sophismatibus (vel Captionibts) penes
book De Aforbis Popularibus (vol. xvii. pt. i.). Dictionem (vol. xiv.). 135. HIponpei7r'rKos A&oyos
120. On the third book De Morbis Popularibus 4arl T&a TeXvas, Oratio Suasoria ad Artes (vol. i.).
(vol. xvii. pt. i.). 121. On the -sixth book De 136. Ilp's IlaTpo'lPAov Wrepl vuarTdaews'IacpKjs,
Morbis Popularibus (vol. xvii. pts. i. and ii.); De Constitutione Artis Medicae ad Patrophilum
122. On the Aphorisms of Hippocrates, in seven (vol. i.). 137. eIspl r'eV'I7rotrparovs Kcal IHAicobooks (vols. xvii. pt. ii.; and xviii. pt. i.). 123. vos Aoy-/Arowv, De Hippocratis et Platonis Decretis
ripds Av'Kov, Adversus Lyceum (vol. xviii. pt. i.). (vol. v.). This is a philosophical and controA work in defence of one of the Aphorisms of versial work, directed against Chrysippus, and
Hippocrates. (Aphor. i. 14. vol. iii. p. 710.) others of the old philosophers, and containing at
124. IIpo's d'i'Avrelp4xue'a Toes'I77rroIpad'ovs the same time much physiological matter. It was'Aopct-juoZs tvri'Iov aovoa, Adversus ea quae a begun probably about A. D. 165, and finished about
Juliano in Ilippocratis Aphorismos dicta sunt (vol. the year 170. 138. TeV77q'Ian-pIK', Asrs Mexviii. pt. i.). 125. Commentary on Hippocrates, dica (vol. i.). It is often called in old editions and
De Ratione Victus in Morbis Aceutis (vol. xv.). MSS. Ars Parva, to distinguish it from Galen's
126. On I)e Officina Medici (vol. xviii. pt. ii.). longer work, De Methodo AlIedendi; and this title
127. On De Fracturis (vol. xviii. pt. ii.). 128. is not unfrequently corrupted into Iklicrotechni,
On De Articulis (vol. xviii. pt. i.). 129. Isep1 roa Microtegni, Tegne, &c. This is perhaps the most
airap''I7r7roscpCrdcT KcnaSos, De Comate secunadum celebrated of all Galen's works, and was commonly
Hippocratem (vol. vii.); of doubtful genuineness. used as a text-book in the middle ages. The
130. rlepl 27js Kaar'd T''I7rroKpdars A:ClrsS number of Latin editions and commentaries is very
eAr TvO'OE'cov Noarapza'ov, De Victus Rationze in great. 139. iepI muv'Iiagv Bi~Aiov, De Libris
MoLorbis Acutis secundum Ilippoclatem (vol. xix.); Propriis (vol. xix.). 140. Ilepl ruts Tcsdews Rcyv
of doubtful genuineness.''Ilbowv BLAfawv, De Ordine Librorum Propriorunz
Few persons have ever been so well quali- (vol. xix.). 141. nlepi Asanyvoa-secs Kai OEpa7rcias
fled to illustrate and explain the writings of RCev'V iT- ieKaOToU PUvxi'Ihiav, lIaOZv, De DigyHippocrates as Galen;both from his unfeigned notione et Curatione Propriorum cujusque Ani4ms
(though not indiscriminate) admiration for his Affe4ctuum (vol. v.). 142. nespl AlayVora'eos Kai
works, and also from the time in which he lived, Oepanrefagi.rC 4v y 4-c cKa' ov TVxi''ALapnpodrwv,
and from.his own intellectual qualities. Accord- De Dignotione et Ceratione cujusque Animi Pecccstoingly, his Commentaries have always been con- rum (vol. v.). 143. Eir-ay-ys), /)'Iarpos, Introsidered a most valuable assistance in understanding ductio, se Ae/ledicus (vol. xiv.); of doubtful genu